Morality is in the eye of the beholder: the neurocognitive basis of the "anomalous-is-bad" stereotype.
Morality is in the eye of the beholder: the neurocognitive basis of the "anomalous-is-bad" stereotype.
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道德在旁观者的眼中：“反常就是坏”的刻板印象的神经认知基础。
DOI：
10.1111/nyas.14575
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Chatterjee A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Workman CI;Humphries S;Hartung F;Aguirre GK;Kable JW;Chatterjee A
有缺陷的脸的人被认为有缺陷的道德品质吗？一个“异常是坏的”刻板印象被假设为促进对面部异常的人的负面偏见（例如，疤痕），但这些偏见是否以及如何影响行为和大脑功能仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。我们研究了大脑中对异常面孔的反应（使用视觉古怪范式），行为（在经济游戏中）和态度。在大脑层面上，杏仁核对异常的面孔表现出一种特殊的神经反应对厌恶和缺乏美感敏感，但与对显著性或唤醒的反应无关。在行为层面上，具有异常面孔的人受到社会经济地位最高的参与者的亲社会性较少。在态度的水平上，我们复制了先前报道的负面性格评价与面部异常的个人，并进一步确定了明确的偏见，针对他们作为一个群体。在这些组织水平上，杏仁核对面部异常的特定反应与更强的公正世界信念相关（即，人们得到了他们应得的），较少的性格移情关注，对面部异常的人较少的亲社会性。在组织的多个层面上描述“异常是坏的”刻板印象可以揭示那些看起来不同的人所承担的被低估的心理负担。一个“异常是坏的”刻板印象被假设为促进对面部异常的人的负面偏见（例如，疤痕），但这些偏见是否以及如何影响行为和大脑功能仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。我们研究了大脑中对异常面孔的反应（使用视觉古怪范式），行为（在经济游戏中）和态度。在组织的多个层面上描述“异常是坏的”刻板印象可以揭示那些看起来不同的人所承担的被低估的心理负担。
Are people with flawed faces regarded as having flawed moral characters? An “anomalous‐is‐bad” stereotype is hypothesized to facilitate negative biases against people with facial anomalies (e.g., scars), but whether and how these biases affect behavior and brain functioning remain open questions. We examined responses to anomalous faces in the brain (using a visual oddball paradigm), behavior (in economic games), and attitudes. At the level of the brain, the amygdala demonstrated a specific neural response to anomalous faces—sensitive to disgust and a lack of beauty but independent of responses to salience or arousal. At the level of behavior, people with anomalous faces were subjected to less prosociality from participants highest in socioeconomic status. At the level of attitudes, we replicated previously reported negative character evaluations made about individuals with facial anomalies, and further identified explicit biases directed against them as a group. Across these levels of organization, the specific amygdala response to facial anomalies correlated with stronger just‐world beliefs (i.e., people get what they deserve), less dispositional empathic concern, and less prosociality toward people with facial anomalies. Characterizing the “anomalous‐is‐bad” stereotype at multiple levels of organization can reveal underappreciated psychological burdens shouldered by people who look different. An “anomalous‐is‐bad” stereotype is hypothesized to facilitate negative biases against people with facial anomalies (e.g., scars), but whether and how these biases affect behavior and brain functioning remain open questions. We examined responses to anomalous faces in the brain (using a visual oddball paradigm), behavior (in economic games), and attitudes. Characterizing the “anomalous‐is‐bad” stereotype at multiple levels of organization can reveal underappreciated psychological burdens shouldered by people who look different.
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