Attention, task demands, and multitalker processing costs in speech perception.
Attention, task demands, and multitalker processing costs in speech perception.
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000963
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Magnuson, James S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saltzman, David;Luthra, Sahil;Myers, Emily B.;Magnuson, James S.
确定人类听众如何实现语音恒定性，尽管语音声学和音素类别之间的变量映射是语音感知中存在时间最长的挑战。一个线索来自于这样的研究：说话者在刺激之间随机变化，与单一说话者基线相比，这会减慢处理速度。这些多谈话者处理成本最常在快速监控模式中观察到，在这种模式中，每当出现特定项目时，参与者都会做出响应。值得注意的是，传统范式通过两种形式的不同映射在混合说话者条件下施加注意力需求。首先，目标回收（允许项目作为目标，在某些试验，但作为其他干扰）可能会阻止任务自动性的发展。其次，在混合试验中，参与者必须对两个独特的刺激（每个说话者产生一个目标）做出反应，而在封闭条件下，他们只需要对一个标记（多个目标标记）做出反应。我们试图了解注意力需求如何影响说话者的正常化，多说话者处理成本。在四个实验中，多说话者处理成本持续目标回收时，不允许，但减少时，只有一个刺激作为目标的混合试验。我们讨论的逻辑使用不同的映射，以引起注意的效果和言语知觉理论的影响。
Determining how human listeners achieve phonetic constancy despite a variable mapping between the acoustics of speech and phonemic categories is the longest-standing challenge in speech perception. A clue comes from studies where the talker changes randomly between stimuli, which slows processing compared to a single-talker baseline. These multi-talker processing costs have been observed most often in speeded monitoring paradigms, where participants respond whenever a specific item occurs. Notably, the conventional paradigm imposes attentional demands via two forms of varied mapping in mixed-talker conditions. First, target recycling (allowing items to serve as targets on some trials but as distractors on others) potentially prevents the development of task automaticity. Second, in mixed trials, participants must respond to two unique stimuli (one target produced by each talker), whereas in blocked conditions, they need only respond to one token (multiple target tokens). We seek to understand how attentional demands influence talker normalization, as measured by multi-talker processing costs. Across four experiments, multi-talker processing costs persisted when target recycling was not allowed but diminished when only one stimulus served as the target on mixed trials. We discuss the logic of using varied mapping to elicit attentional effects and implications for theories of speech perception.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-017-1395-5
发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
Attention, perception & psychophysics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Choi JY;Hu ER;Perrachione TK
通讯作者：
Perrachione TK
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Choi, Ja Young;Perrachione, Tyler K.
通讯作者：
Perrachione, Tyler K.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bosker, Hans Rutger
通讯作者：
Bosker, Hans Rutger
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kapadia, Alexandra M.;Perrachione, Tyler K.
通讯作者：
Perrachione, Tyler K.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Magnuson, James S.;Nusbaum, Howard C.;Saltzman, David
通讯作者：
Saltzman, David