An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking.
An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking.
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分析旨在帮助人们戒烟的干预措施的有效性。
DOI：
10.1001/archinte.1995.00430180025004
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jinling Tang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Law;Jinling Tang
在对旨在帮助人们戒烟的干预措施的有效性进行系统回顾的过程中，分析了188项随机对照试验的数据。根据医生在一次常规咨询中给出的个人建议和戒烟鼓励，估计有2%(95%可信限，1%，3%；P<；.001)的吸烟者停止吸烟，并且不会因建议的直接结果而复发长达1年。其效果不大，但具有成本效益：挽救一条生命的成本约为1500美元。辅助性干预(跟踪信件或来访、肺活量测定演示等)还有一个额外的效果--程度不同。建议和鼓励对有特殊风险的吸烟者--孕妇(有效率为8%)和缺血性心脏病患者--尤其有效。在心理学家引导的小组或个人治疗中，行为矫正技术(放松、奖励和惩罚、避免“触发”情况等)的效果具有统计学意义(P=0.05)，但并不比医生的简单建议(2%)更大；然而，这些技术的成本要高出几倍。催眠的效果还没有得到证实(还没有试验使用生化标记物)。尼古丁替代疗法对寻求戒烟帮助的吸烟者中估计有13%有效；对尼古丁依赖者的效果更大。其他药物治疗没有被证实的疗效，针灸也是无效的。平均而言，突然戒烟或逐渐减少吸烟的效果相似。医生应该花时间建议所有吸烟的患者戒烟。有意戒烟的吸烟者应该得到额外的支持，并鼓励他们使用尼古丁替代疗法。
In a systematic review of the efficacy of interventions intended to help people stop smoking, data have been analyzed from 188 randomized controlled trials. Following personal advice and encouragement to stop smoking given by physicians during a single routine consultation, an estimated 2% (95% confidence limits, 1%, 3%; P < .001) of all smokers stopped smoking and did not relapse up to 1 year as a direct consequence of the advice. The effect is modest but cost-effective: the cost of saving a life is about $1500. Supplementary interventions (follow-up letters or visits, demonstration of spirometry, etc) have an additional effect--variable in extent. Advice and encouragement are particularly effective for smokers at special risk--pregnant women (efficacy; 8%) and patients with ischemic heart disease. Behavior modification techniques (relaxation, rewards and punishment, avoiding "trigger" situations, etc), in group or individual sessions led by a psychologist, have an effect that is statistically significant (P = .05) but no greater than simple advice by a physician (2%); yet, these techniques are several times more expensive. The effect of hypnosis is unproved (no trials have used biochemical markers). Nicotine replacement therapy is effective in an estimated 13% of smokers who seek help in cessation; the effect is greater in those who are nicotine-dependent. Other pharmacological treatments are not of proven efficacy, and acupuncture is ineffective. Sudden cessation or gradual reduction in smoking are similar in their efficacy on average. Physicians should take time to advise all their patients who smoke to quit. Smokers who are intent on stopping should be given additional support and encouraged to use nicotine replacement therapy.
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通过自助戒烟计划评估内在和外在动机干预措施。
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Curry,SJ;Wagner,EH;Grothaus,LC
通讯作者：
Grothaus,LC
透皮可乐定可减轻一些戒断症状，但不会促进戒烟。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Prochazka,AV;Petty,TL;Nett,L;Silvers,GW;Sachs,DP;Rennard,SI;Daughton,DM;GrimmJr,RH;Heim,C
通讯作者：
Heim,C
怀孕吸烟者的健康教育：其行为影响和成本效益。
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Windsor,RA;Lowe,JB;Perkins,LL;Smith-Yoder,D;Artz,L;Crawford,M;Amburgy,K;BoydJr,NR
通讯作者：
BoydJr,NR
对非自愿女性人群进行自助戒烟干预的随机试验：测试公共卫生模型的局限性。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-6133.11.5.280
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gritz,ER;Berman,BA;Bastani,R;Wu,M
通讯作者：
Wu,M
DOI：
10.1176/ps.44.2.113
发表时间：
1993
期刊：
Hospital & community psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hymowitz,N;Feuerman,M;Hollander,M;Frances,RJ
通讯作者：
Frances,RJ