Plans, Habits, and Theory of Mind.

Plans, Habits, and Theory of Mind.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0162246
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Cushman FA
Cushman FA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gershman SJ;Gerstenberg T;Baker CL;Cushman FA

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人类的成功甚至生存取决于我们通过猜测他人的想法来预测他们会做什么的能力。如果我加速他会屈服吗?如果我求婚,她会接受吗?如果我认罪,他们会原谅吗?心理学家称这种能力为“心理理论”。根据目前的理论,我们通过假设其他人是理性的行动者来解决这个问题。也就是说,我们假设其他人根据他们的知识设计并执行有效的计划来实现他们的目标。但是,如果这个观点是正确的,那么我们的心理理论是惊人的不完整。人类的行为并不总是理性规划的产物,如果我们总是这样解释别人的行为,那就错了。大量的证据表明,我们经常习惯性地采取行动,这是一种行为控制的形式,它不依赖于理性的计划,而是依赖于强化的历史。我们的目标是测试人类的心理理论是否包括习惯行为理论,并评估它何时以及如何被部署。在一系列的研究中,我们发现人类的心理理论对影响习惯性行为和计划性行为之间平衡的因素很敏感。
Human success and even survival depends on our ability to predict what others will do by guessing what they are thinking. If I accelerate, will he yield? If I propose, will she accept? If I confess, will they forgive? Psychologists call this capacity “theory of mind.” According to current theories, we solve this problem by assuming that others are rational actors. That is, we assume that others design and execute efficient plans to achieve their goals, given their knowledge. But if this view is correct, then our theory of mind is startlingly incomplete. Human action is not always a product of rational planning, and we would be mistaken to always interpret others’ behaviors as such. A wealth of evidence indicates that we often act habitually—a form of behavioral control that depends not on rational planning, but rather on a history of reinforcement. We aim to test whether the human theory of mind includes a theory of habitual action and to assess when and how it is deployed. In a series of studies, we show that human theory of mind is sensitive to factors influencing the balance between habitual and planned behavior.
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