Is executive dysfunction a potential contributor to the comorbidity between basic reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
Is executive dysfunction a potential contributor to the comorbidity between basic reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
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DOI：
10.1080/09297049.2021.1908532
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schlak JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kibby MY;Newsham G;Imre Z;Schlak JE
我们的研究是为数不多的以综合、多模态的方式分析执行功能（EF）作为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和基本阅读障碍（RD）之间共病的潜在贡献者的研究之一。我们包括了执行功能的多种传统神经心理学测量，沿着执行功能行为评定量表（BRIEF）问卷，以评估抑制、转移、工作记忆（WM），计划，生成流畅性和解决问题。参与者包括263名儿童，年龄8-12岁，患有RD，ADHD，RD/ADHD，并且通常发展为对照组。当使用传统的措施，在2 × 2 MANCOVA，我们发现RD和ADHD在大多数领域的小组水平的认知EF差，语音环路缺陷更具体的RD和行为调节缺陷更具体的ADHD。患有RD/ADHD的儿童与单独患有RD和ADHD的儿童相比表现更好。在BRIEF上的结果相似。相比之下，只有WM预测基本阅读和注意力不集中时，数据进行了评估，在一个连续的方式。它还解释了基本阅读和注意力不集中之间的相关性，值得进行纵向研究，以确定它是否是RD/ADHD的共同贡献者。当比较假设RD/ADHD的性质，我们发现，多重缺陷假说是更好地支持我们的EF数据比表型假说或认知亚型假说。
Our study is one of the few to analyze executive functioning (EF) in a comprehensive, multi-modal fashion as a potential contributor to the comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and basic reading disability (RD).We included multiple, traditional, neuropsychological measures of EF, along with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire, to assess inhibit, shift, working memory (WM), planning, generation fluency, and problem-solving. Participants included 263 children, ages 8-12 years, with RD, ADHD, RD/ADHD, and typically developing controls. When using the traditional measures in a 2 X 2 MANCOVA, we found both RD and ADHD had poor cognitive EF in most areas at the group level, with phonological loop deficits being more specific to RD and behavioral regulation deficits being more specific to ADHD. Children with RD/ADHD performed comparably to those with RD and ADHD alone. Results were similar on the BRIEF. In contrast, only WM predicted both basic reading and inattention when the data was assessed in a continuous fashion. It also explained the correlation between basic reading and inattention, being worthy of longitudinal research to determine if it is a shared contributor to RD/ADHD. When comparing hypotheses as to the nature of RD/ADHD, we found the multiple deficit hypothesis was better supported by our EF data than the phenocopy hypothesis or the cognitive subtype hypothesis.
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