Stronger tilt aftereffects in persons with schizophrenia.
Stronger tilt aftereffects in persons with schizophrenia.
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精神分裂症患者更强的倾斜后遗症。
DOI：
10.1037/abn0000653
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Brascamp JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thakkar KN;Ghermezi L;Silverstein SM;Slate R;Yao B;Achtyes ED;Brascamp JW
精神分裂症患者可能无法适当地使用时间背景，并将过去的环境背景应用于对传入感官信息的解释。在这里，我们使用视觉系统作为一个测试床，调查如何先前的经验形状的个人与精神分裂症的看法。具体来说，我们使用视觉后效，虚幻的知觉先前暴露于视觉输入，以衡量当前处理的先前事件的影响。在神经水平上，视觉后效是由于编码先前刺激特征的神经元响应衰减（神经元适应）以及随后在特征维度的另一端神经元信号传导活动的去抑制而产生的。在目前的研究中，我们测量了倾斜后效应和负后像，两种类型的后效应，分别反映，适应皮质方向编码神经元和适应皮质下和视网膜亮度编码细胞的精神分裂症患者（PSZ; n=36）和人口统计学匹配的健康对照组（HC; n=22）。我们观察到更强的倾斜后效在PSZ相比，HC，但没有差异的负后像。更强的倾斜后遗症与更严重的阴性症状有关。这些数据表明，精神分裂症患者对最近发生的事件过度敏感，表现为更强的视觉适应，在皮层而不是皮层下水平。对精神分裂症的全面和计算性的描述表明，一部分症状的特征是在使用背景来塑造感知和指导行为方面的异常。在这里，我们特别关注时间上下文过去的历史和存储的时间对当前输入的解释和响应的影响。目前的研究试图通过测试视觉后效的强度来测试这种异常是否会出现在精神分裂症患者的视觉系统中，视觉后效是由先前暴露于视觉刺激引起的错觉。我们发现，有一种后遗症在精神分裂症患者中更强，与阴性症状的严重程度有关，这表明他们对最近出现的信息过于敏感。
Individuals with schizophrenia may fail to appropriately use temporal context and apply past environmental regularities to the interpretation of incoming sensory information. Here we use the visual system as a test bed for investigating how prior experience shapes perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, we use visual aftereffects, illusory percepts resulting from prior exposure to visual input, to measure the influence of prior events on current processing. At a neural level, visual aftereffects arise due to attenuation in the responses of neurons that code the features of the prior stimulus (neuronal adaptation) and subsequent disinhibition of neurons signaling activity at the opposite end of the feature dimension. In the current study, we measured tilt aftereffects and negative afterimages, two types of aftereffects that reflect, respectively, adaptation of cortical orientation-coding neurons and adaptation of subcortical and retinal luminance-coding cells in persons with schizophrenia (PSZ; n=36) and demographically-matched healthy controls (HC; n=22). We observed stronger tilt aftereffects in PSZ compared to HC, but no difference in negative afterimages. Stronger tilt aftereffects were related to more severe negative symptoms. These data suggest over-sensitivity to recent regularities, in the form of stronger visual adaptation, at cortical, but not subcortical, levels in schizophrenia. Comprehensive and computational accounts of schizophrenia suggest that a subset of symptoms are characterized by an abnormality in using context to shape perception and guide behavior. Here, we focused specifically on temporal context—the influence of past history and stored regularities across time on the interpretation and response to current input. The current study sought to test whether such an abnormality would be present in the visual systems of individuals with schizophrenia by testing the strength of visual aftereffects—illusory perceptions caused by prior exposure to a visual stimulus. We found that one type of aftereffect was stronger in individuals with schizophrenia and related to the severity of negative symptoms, suggesting over-sensitivity to recently presented information.
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Butler PD;Silverstein SM;Dakin SC
通讯作者：
Dakin SC
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Calderone, Daniel J.;Hoptman, Matthew J.;Butler, Pamela D.
通讯作者：
Butler, Pamela D.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
GEORGESON, MA;TURNER, RSE
通讯作者：
TURNER, RSE
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Andreasen, Nancy C.;Pressler, Marcus;Nopoulos, Peg;Miller, Del;Ho, Beng-Choon
通讯作者：
Ho, Beng-Choon
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
BRINDLEY, GS
通讯作者：
BRINDLEY, GS