Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination.

Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination.
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DOI:
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.076
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发表时间:
2009-05
期刊:
影响因子:
29.4
通讯作者:
Estes MK
Estes MK
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Greenberg HB;Estes MK

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轮状病毒在全世界儿童中引起危及生命的胃肠炎;巨大的疾病负担促使人们努力开发疫苗,并发现了胃肠道病毒发病机制和宿主对感染反应的新机制。两种用于胃肠炎的减毒活疫苗(Rotateq和Rotarix)已在许多国家获得许可。本综述总结了这些疫苗的最新数据、它们的有效性以及全球疫苗接种面临的挑战。最近的见解轮状病毒发病机制也进行了讨论,包括信息肠外感染,干扰素反应的病毒拮抗剂和首次描述的病毒性肠毒素。轮状病毒引起的腹泻现在被认为是一种可以通过接种疫苗来预防的疾病,尽管在实现全球有效性方面存在许多挑战。轮状病毒复制和发病机制的分子生物学研究已经确定了独特的病毒靶点,这可能有助于开发治疗慢性感染免疫功能低下儿童的方法。
Rotaviruses cause life-threatening gastroenteritis in children worldwide; the enormous disease burden has focused efforts to develop vaccines and led to the discovery of novel mechanisms of gastrointestinal virus pathogenesis and host responses to infection. Two live-attenuated vaccines for gastroenteritis (Rotateq and Rotarix) have been licensed in many countries. This review summarizes the latest data on these vaccines, their effectiveness and challenges to global vaccination. Recent insights into rotavirus pathogenesis are also discussed, including information on extra-intestinal infection, viral antagonists of the interferon response and the first described viral enterotoxin. Rotavirus-induced diarrhea is now considered to be a disease that can be prevented through vaccination, although there are many challenges to achieving global effectiveness. Molecular biology studies of rotavirus replication and pathogenesis have identified unique viral targets that might be useful in developing therapies for immunocompromised children with chronic infections.
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