The hypothalamus predates the origin of vertebrates.

The hypothalamus predates the origin of vertebrates.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abf7452
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发表时间:
2021-04
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
Levine M
Levine M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lemaire LA;Cao C;Yoon PH;Long J;Levine M

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一些玻璃海鞘神经元显示出与小鼠下丘脑的转录相似性,这表明它早于脊椎动物。下丘脑协调脊椎动物的神经内分泌功能。为了探索其进化的起源,我们描述了整合的转录组/连接组的大脑地图,作为一个近似的祖先的原始脊椎动物的海鞘游泳蝌蚪。这张图显示了与脊椎动物下丘脑不同区域相关的几种细胞类型,包括乳头核、弓状核和大细胞神经元。冠状细胞表达黑视素,并与血管囊(下丘脑的一个专门区域,在非热带鱼中介导光周期)共享额外的特性。比较转录组分析确定了机械感觉开关神经元,VP+和VPR+中继神经元在小鼠下丘脑的不同区域的orthopathic细胞类型。这些观察结果提供了证据表明,下丘脑早于脊椎动物大脑的进化。我们讨论的可能性,开关神经元,冠状细胞,FoxP +/VPR+中继神经元包括一个行为电路,有助于触发变形的玻璃海鞘幼虫响应黄昏。
Some Ciona neurons show transcriptional similarities to the mouse hypothalamus, suggesting that it predates vertebrates. The hypothalamus coordinates neuroendocrine functions in vertebrates. To explore its evolutionary origin, we describe integrated transcriptome/connectome brain maps for swimming tadpoles of Ciona, which serves as an approximation of the ancestral proto-vertebrate. This map features several cell types related to different regions of the vertebrate hypothalamus, including the mammillary nucleus, the arcuate nucleus, and magnocellular neurons. Coronet cells express melanopsin and share additional properties with the saccus vasculosus, a specialized region of the hypothalamus that mediates photoperiodism in nontropical fishes. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified orthologous cell types for mechanosensory switch neurons, and VP+ and VPR+ relay neurons in different regions of the mouse hypothalamus. These observations provide evidence that the hypothalamus predates the evolution of the vertebrate brain. We discuss the possibility that switch neurons, coronet cells, and FoxP+/VPR+ relay neurons comprise a behavioral circuit that helps trigger metamorphosis of Ciona larvae in response to twilight.
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