Protein-based nanoparticles in cancer vaccine development.

Protein-based nanoparticles in cancer vaccine development.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.nano.2018.09.004
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发表时间:
2019-01
期刊:
Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang SW
Wang SW
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Neek M;Kim TI;Wang SW

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基于肽和蛋白质的癌症疫苗通常无法引发针对肿瘤的有效免疫反应。然而,将这些肽和蛋白质作为笼状蛋白质纳米颗粒内的成分进行递送,已显示出疫苗功效的有希望的改善。与其他疫苗平台相比,蛋白质纳米粒子的优势包括其高度组织的结构和对称性、生物可降解性、在三种不同界面(大分子组装中的内部、外部和亚基之间)特异性功能化的能力,以及疫苗递送的理想尺寸。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了不同类别的病毒样颗粒和笼状蛋白质纳米颗粒,它们已被用作传递和增强癌症疫苗成分与免疫系统相互作用的载体。我们回顾了这些蛋白质纳米颗粒在诱导和提高特异性免疫反应方面的有效性,这是克服肿瘤微环境的低免疫原性所必需的。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了几种不同的基于蛋白质的纳米颗粒作为递送载体,以增加癌症疫苗成分(例如佐剂、肿瘤相关抗原)与免疫系统的相互作用。这些重要的成分可以被树突状细胞有效地内化和加工,然后树突状细胞将抗原呈递给 T 细胞,进行特定的 T 细胞反应,从而导致特定的肿瘤溶解和消除。这些纳米颗粒疫苗引发的增强的免疫反应有利于克服肿瘤微环境的低免疫原性。
Peptide and protein-based cancer vaccines usually fail to elicit efficient immune responses against tumors. However, delivery of these peptides and proteins as components within caged protein nanoparticles has shown promising improvements in vaccine efficacy. Advantages of protein nanoparticles over other vaccine platforms include their highly organized structures and symmetry, biodegradability, ability to specifically functionalize at three different interfaces (inside, outside, and between subunits in macromolecular assembly), and ideal size for vaccine delivery. In this review, we discuss different classes of virus-like particles and caged protein nanoparticles that have been used as vehicles to deliver and increase the interaction of cancer vaccine components with the immune system. We review the effectiveness of these protein nanoparticles towards inducing and elevating specific immune responses, which are needed to overcome the low immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss several different protein-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles to increase the interaction of cancer vaccine components (e.g., adjuvants, tumor-associated antigens) with the immune system. These important components can be efficiently internalized and processed by dendritic cells, which then present the antigen to the T cells for specific T cell responses that lead to specific tumor lysis and elimination. The elevated immune responses that are elicited by these nanoparticle vaccines are advantageous to overcome the low immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment.
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