Asymmetric cross-strain protection for amphibians exposed to a fungal-metabolite prophylactic treatment
Asymmetric cross-strain protection for amphibians exposed to a fungal-metabolite prophylactic treatment
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对暴露于真菌代谢物预防性治疗的两栖动物的不对称交叉菌株保护
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2021.0207
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Civitello, D. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barnett, K. M.;Detmering, S. E.;McMahon, T. A.;Civitello, D. J.
壶菌病是一种由树枝状蛙壶菌（Batrachochytriumdendrobaestrium，Bd）引起的两栖动物传染病，对保护区的保护构成了严重威胁。Bd的全球传播导致了许多两栖动物的大规模死亡事件，迄今为止至少有90种两栖动物灭绝。暴露于Bd代谢物（即Bd释放的非感染性抗原性化学物质）部分保护青蛙在随后的挑战与活Bd，表明其作为一种预防性治疗和潜在的疫苗。然而，我们不知道Bd代谢物暴露是否能保护患者免受治疗用菌株以外的菌株的侵害。为了解决这一知识缺口，我们进行了一项3 × 2实验，将成年古巴树蛙（Osteopilus septentrionalis）暴露于三种处理（来自加利福尼亚州分离菌株JEL-270的Bd代谢物、帕纳马分离菌株JEL-419或人工泉水对照）之一中，然后用来自任一菌株的活Bd对个体进行挑战。我们发现，暴露于Bd代谢物从加利福尼亚州分离的菌株显着降低Bd负荷的青蛙挑战活帕纳马分离的菌株，但没有其他治疗方法被发现赋予保护作用。这些研究结果表明，不对称的交叉保护的Bd代谢物预防，并建议调查多个，不同的菌株的工作是迫切需要的。
Chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease of amphibians caused by the fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), poses an imminent conservation threat. The global spread of Bd has led to mass mortality events in many amphibian species, resulting in at least 90 species' extinctions to date. Exposure to Bd metabolites (i.e. non-infectious antigenic chemicals released by Bd) partially protects frogs during subsequent challenges with live Bd, suggesting its use as a prophylactic treatment and potential vaccine. However, we do not know whether Bd metabolite exposure protects against strains beyond the one used for treatment. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 3 × 2 experiment where we exposed adult Cuban treefrogs,Osteopilus septentrionalis, to one of three treatments (Bd metabolites from California-isolated strain JEL-270, Panamá-isolated strain JEL-419, or an artificial spring water control) and then challenged individuals with live Bd from either strain. We found that exposure to Bd metabolites from the California-isolated strain significantly reduced Bd loads of frogs challenged with the live Panamá-isolated strain, but no other treatments were found to confer protective effects. These findings demonstrate asymmetric cross-protection of a Bd metabolite prophylaxis and suggest that work investigating multiple, diverse strains is urgently needed.
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