No need to choose: Independent regulation of cognitive stability and flexibility challenges the stability-flexibility trade-off.
No need to choose: Independent regulation of cognitive stability and flexibility challenges the stability-flexibility trade-off.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0001241
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发表时间：
2022-12
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Egner, Tobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geddert, Raphael;Egner, Tobias
关键词：
适应性行为需要专注于当前任务并保护其免受干扰的能力（认知稳定性）以及根据变化的环境快速切换到另一项任务的能力（认知灵活性）。认知稳定性和灵活性被概念化为稳定性-灵活性权衡连续体上的相反端点，这意味着两者之间存在强制性的互惠关系：更大的灵活性需要更少的稳定性，反之亦然。令人惊讶的是，这一关键假设缺乏严格的实证检验。在这里，我们获得了同时测量的认知稳定性（一致性效应）和灵活性（开关成本）在相同的任务内相同的刺激，而独立地改变这些功能的上下文要求与块明智的操纵的比例不一致的试验和任务开关，分别。如果认知的稳定性和灵活性是相互的，那么在较高的转换率下灵活性的增加会导致稳定性的相应降低，而在更频繁的不一致试验下稳定性的增加会导致灵活性的降低。在三个实验中，使用经典的线索任务切换（实验1和3）和注意力转移（实验2）协议，我们发现了强有力的证据对强制性的稳定性和灵活性的权衡。虽然我们观察到预期的上下文适应的稳定性和灵活性不断变化的需求，稳定性的战略调整对灵活性的影响不大，反之亦然。这些结果反驳了长期以来的稳定性-灵活性权衡假设，相反，证明了调节这些功能的认知过程可以独立调节-同时稳定和灵活是可能的。
Adaptive behavior requires the ability to focus on a current task and protect it from distraction (cognitive stability) as well as the ability to rapidly switch to another task in light of changing circumstances (cognitive flexibility). Cognitive stability and flexibility have been conceptualized as opposite endpoints on a stability-flexibility tradeoff continuum, implying an obligatory reciprocity between the two: greater flexibility necessitates less stability, and vice versa. Surprisingly, rigorous empirical tests of this critical assumption are lacking. Here, we acquired simultaneous measurements of cognitive stability (congruency effects) and flexibility (switch costs) on the same stimuli within the same task, while independently varying contextual demands on these functions with block-wise manipulations of the proportion of incongruent trials and task switches, respectively. If cognitive stability and flexibility are reciprocal, increases in flexibility in response to higher switch rates should lead to commensurate decreases in stability, and increases in stability in response to more frequent incongruent trials should result in decreased flexibility. Across three experiments, using classic cued task switching (Experiments 1 and 3) and attentional set shifting (Experiment 2) protocols, we found robust evidence against an obligatory stability-flexibility tradeoff. Although we observed the expected contextual adaptation of stability and flexibility to changing demands, strategic adjustments in stability had little influence on flexibility, and vice versa. These results refute the long-held assumption of a stability-flexibility tradeoff, documenting instead that the cognitive processes mediating these functions can be regulated independently – it is possible to be both stable and flexible at the same time.
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Cools, Roshan;D'Esposito, Mark
通讯作者：
D'Esposito, Mark
DOI：
10.1037/a0019957
发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
2.1
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Froeber, Kerstin