Value-directed remembering in first-episode schizophrenia.
Value-directed remembering in first-episode schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.1037/neu0000840
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发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Knowlton, Barbara J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patterson, Tara K.;Nuechterlein, Keith H.;Subotnik, Kenneth L.;Castel, Alan D.;Knowlton, Barbara J.
精神分裂症患者的记忆缺陷是众所周知的，但人们对精神分裂症如何影响元记忆等元认知过程知之甚少。我们使用价值导向记忆任务考察了元记忆能力，该任务评估了参与者使用价值线索来指导他们学习一系列项目的程度(即他们的记忆选择性)。参与者是在最近的第一次精神分裂症发作后接受治疗的患者(n=20)和人口统计学上相似的健康对照组(n=18)。参与者观看了六个包含24个单词的列表，每个单词都被配对了一个低值(1-3分)或一个高值(10-12分)，并被指示在每个列表之后的自由回忆测试中最大化自己的分数。在最后的自由回忆测试后，参与者完成了一项再认测试，在这项测试中，他们给出了记忆/知道的判断。在自由回忆测试中，与健康对照组相比，患者表现出记忆选择性降低。在再认测试中，患者未能在非回忆单词的再认上表现出价值效应，而健康对照组则表现出显著的价值效应，其特征是更多地进行“记忆”判断。患者最初高估了他们的记忆容量，但能够根据任务经验调整他们的估计，使其更加准确。患者自我报告的记忆选择性与他们实际的记忆选择性无关。首发精神分裂症患者在价值导向记忆任务上有实质性的损害，但也观察到保存了元记忆能力的区域。这些发现对认知训练干预具有潜在的意义。
Memory deficits in individuals with schizophrenia are well-established, but less is known about how schizophrenia affects metacognitive processes such as metamemory. We investigated metamemory ability using the value-directed remembering task, which assesses the degree to which participants use value cues to guide their learning of a list of items (i.e., their memory selectivity). Participants were patients undergoing treatment following a recent first episode of schizophrenia (n = 20) and demographically comparable healthy controls (n = 18). Participants viewed six lists of 24 words where each word was paired with either a low value (1-3 points) or a high value (10-12 points), and they were instructed to maximize their score on free recall tests given after each list. After the final free recall test, participants completed a recognition test where they gave remember/know judgments. On tests of free recall, patients showed reduced memory selectivity relative to healthy controls. On the recognition test, patients failed to show an effect of value on recognition of non-recalled words, in contrast to healthy controls who showed a significant value effect that was characterized by greater “remember” judgments. Patients initially overestimated their memory capacity but were able to adjust their estimates to be more accurate based on task experience. Patients’ self-reports of memory selectivity were unrelated to their actual memory selectivity. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia had substantial impairments on the value-directed remembering task, but areas of preserved metamemory ability were also observed. These findings have potential implications for cognitive training interventions.
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