Aggression heuristics underlie animal dominance hierarchies and provide evidence of group-level social information.
Aggression heuristics underlie animal dominance hierarchies and provide evidence of group-level social information.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2022912118
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发表时间：
2021-03-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
DeDeo S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hobson EA;Mønster D;DeDeo S
在动物冲突中，个体对社会世界的了解越多，他们就能更好地决定与谁战斗。然而，事实证明，确定动物“知道”什么是很困难的。我们对有关个人等级的信息如何构建其攻击性进行逆向工程。将这种方法应用于从蚂蚁到灵长类动物的物种，我们发现虽然大多数群体使用简单的规则来选择战斗，但有些群体使用信息更丰富的模式。一个关键结果是，这些信息丰富的模式并不局限于被认为认知更为复杂的物种，而且它们的使用在物种内也有所不同。我们的工作将社会性与信息联系起来，提供了比较分析的可能性，并为研究个人决策与社会结果之间的关系开辟了途径。社会物种的成员需要就谁、如何以及何时与群体中的其他人互动做出适当的决定。然而，研究人员很难检测这些决策的输入，特别是个人实际上拥有多少关于其社会背景的信息。我们提出了一种方法，可以作为一种社会分析来量化攻击模式如何依赖于社会统治等级中个人的等级信息。应用到 23 个目的 85 个物种的 172 个社会群体的攻击行为的现有数据中，它揭示了排名依赖的社会支配地位的三种主要模式：向下启发式（统一针对排名较低的对手的攻击）、亲密竞争者（针对排名略低于自己的对手的攻击）和欺凌（针对排名远低于自己的对手的攻击）。大多数群体（133 个群体，77%）遵循向下启发式，但少数群体（38 个群体，22%）表现出更复杂的社会主导模式（紧密的竞争者或欺凌），这与较高水平的社会信息使用相一致。这些模式不受系统发育的限制，同一物种内的不同群体可以使用不同的模式，这表明启发式的使用可能取决于背景，并且社会信息的攻击结构不应被视为物种的固定特征。我们的方法提供了研究物种内部和物种之间社会信息的使用以及社会复杂性和认知的演变的机会。
In animal conflict, the more information individuals have about their social world the better decisions they can make about whom to fight. Determining what animals “know,” however, has proved difficult. We reverse-engineer how information about an individual’s rank structures their aggression. Applying this method to species from ants to primates, we found that while most groups use simple rules to choose fights some groups used more information-rich patterns. A key result is that these information-rich patterns were not restricted to species thought to be more cognitively sophisticated and that their use varied within species. Our work connects sociality with information, provides possibilities for comparative analyses, and opens avenues to study the relationship between individual decision-making and social outcomes. Members of a social species need to make appropriate decisions about who, how, and when to interact with others in their group. However, it has been difficult for researchers to detect the inputs to these decisions and, in particular, how much information individuals actually have about their social context. We present a method that can serve as a social assay to quantify how patterns of aggression depend upon information about the ranks of individuals within social dominance hierarchies. Applied to existing data on aggression in 172 social groups across 85 species in 23 orders, it reveals three main patterns of rank-dependent social dominance: the downward heuristic (aggress uniformly against lower-ranked opponents), close competitors (aggress against opponents ranked slightly below self), and bullying (aggress against opponents ranked much lower than self). The majority of the groups (133 groups, 77%) follow a downward heuristic, but a significant minority (38 groups, 22%) show more complex social dominance patterns (close competitors or bullying) consistent with higher levels of social information use. These patterns are not phylogenetically constrained and different groups within the same species can use different patterns, suggesting that heuristic use may depend on context and the structuring of aggression by social information should not be considered a fixed characteristic of a species. Our approach provides opportunities to study the use of social information within and across species and the evolution of social complexity and cognition.
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
CHASE, ID
通讯作者：
CHASE, ID
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
CHASE, ID;BARTOLOMEO, C;DUGATKIN, LA
通讯作者：
DUGATKIN, LA
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Blatrix, R;Herbers, JM
通讯作者：
Herbers, JM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Balasubramaniam, K. N.;Dittmar, K.;de Waal, F. B. M.
通讯作者：
de Waal, F. B. M.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Hobson, Elizabeth A.;DeDeo, Simon
通讯作者：
DeDeo, Simon