Exosomes as intercellular signaling organelles involved in health and disease: basic science and clinical applications.
Exosomes as intercellular signaling organelles involved in health and disease: basic science and clinical applications.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms14035338
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发表时间：
2013-03-06
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Alessandro R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corrado C;Raimondo S;Chiesi A;Ciccia F;De Leo G;Alessandro R
细胞间通信对于多细胞系统中不同细胞类型的协调和正确组织至关重要。细胞通过多种机制交换信息，例如分泌的生长因子和趋化因子、小分子（肽、离子、生物活性脂质和核苷酸）、细胞与细胞的接触以及细胞外基质成分的分泌。然而，在过去的几年中，大量的实验证据表明，存在一种复杂的细胞通讯方法，该方法基于被称为外泌体的特殊膜状纳米大小囊泡的释放。外泌体生物发生涉及内体区室，即多囊泡体（MVB），其中含有内囊泡，内囊泡中充满了一系列特殊的分子，包括酶、细胞因子、核酸和不同的生物活性化合物。为了响应刺激，MVB 与质膜融合，囊泡被释放到细胞外空间，在那里它们可以与邻近细胞相互作用，并直接诱导信号传导途径或通过新受体甚至遗传物质的转移影响细胞表型。本综述将重点关注外泌体作为参与许多生理和病理过程的细胞间信号细胞器及其在临床诊断和治疗中的潜在用途。
Cell to cell communication is essential for the coordination and proper organization of different cell types in multicellular systems. Cells exchange information through a multitude of mechanisms such as secreted growth factors and chemokines, small molecules (peptides, ions, bioactive lipids and nucleotides), cell-cell contact and the secretion of extracellular matrix components. Over the last few years, however, a considerable amount of experimental evidence has demonstrated the occurrence of a sophisticated method of cell communication based on the release of specialized membranous nano-sized vesicles termed exosomes. Exosome biogenesis involves the endosomal compartment, the multivesicular bodies (MVB), which contain internal vesicles packed with an extraordinary set of molecules including enzymes, cytokines, nucleic acids and different bioactive compounds. In response to stimuli, MVB fuse with the plasma membrane and vesicles are released in the extracellular space where they can interact with neighboring cells and directly induce a signaling pathway or affect the cellular phenotype through the transfer of new receptors or even genetic material. This review will focus on exosomes as intercellular signaling organelles involved in a number of physiological as well as pathological processes and their potential use in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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