The effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations on reducing smokers' exposure to advertising and promotion: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.
The effectiveness of tobacco marketing regulations on reducing smokers' exposure to advertising and promotion: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph8020321
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发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cummings KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasza KA;Hyland AJ;Brown A;Siahpush M;Yong HH;McNeill AD;Li L;Cummings KM
接触烟草产品营销促进了吸烟的开始、持续和重新吸食，因此，世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约(世卫组织烟草控制框架公约)呼吁成员国全面禁止烟草广告和促销。这项研究考察了不同国家对接触不同形式产品营销的广告限制的即刻和长期有效性，并考察了不同社会经济地位(SES)群体之间暴露的差异。这项研究使用了来自英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和美国的具有全国代表性的数据，这些数据是2002年至2008年期间使用国际烟草控制四国调查(ITC-4)从成年吸烟者中收集的(N=21,615)。鉴于在本研究期间发生的具体营销法规变化，评估了每个国家和国家内不同SES群体对通过各种渠道进行烟草营销的认识变化。烟草营销法规一旦实施，吸烟者报告的支持吸烟线索的意识显著降低，而且在法规颁布后立即观察到的降幅最大。报告的认识变化在不同的社会经济地位群体中大体上是相同的，尽管注意到一些例外。虽然烟草营销条例有效地减少了对某些类型产品营销的接触，但仍然存在差距，特别是在店内营销和价格促销方面。
Exposure to tobacco product marketing promotes the initiation, continuation, and reuptake of cigarette smoking and as a result the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) has called upon member Parties to enact comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion. This study examines the immediate and long term effectiveness of advertising restrictions enacted in different countries on exposure to different forms of product marketing, and examines differences in exposure across different socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Nationally representative data from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the United States, collected from adult smokers between 2002 and 2008 using the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (ITC-4), were used in this study (N = 21,615). In light of the specific marketing regulation changes that occurred during the course of this study period, changes in awareness of tobacco marketing via various channels were assessed for each country, and for different SES groups within countries. Tobacco marketing regulations, once implemented, were associated with significant reductions in smokers’ reported awareness of pro-smoking cues, and the observed reductions were greatest immediately following the enactment of regulations. Changes in reported awareness were generally the same across different SES groups, although some exceptions were noted. While tobacco marketing regulations have been effective in reducing exposure to certain types of product marketing there still remain gaps, especially with regard to in-store marketing and price promotions.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Saffer, H;Chaloupka, F
通讯作者：
Chaloupka, F
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Harris, F.;MacKintosh, A. M.;Cummings, K. M.
通讯作者：
Cummings, K. M.
影响因子：
--
作者：
MacFadyen, L;Hastings, G;MacKintosh, AM
通讯作者：
MacKintosh, AM
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Blecher, Evan
通讯作者：
Blecher, Evan
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Ling, PM;Glantz, SA
通讯作者：
Glantz, SA