Very long O-antigen chains of Salmonella Paratyphi A inhibit inflammasome activation and pyroptotic cell death.

Very long O-antigen chains of Salmonella Paratyphi A inhibit inflammasome activation and pyroptotic cell death.
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DOI:
10.1111/cmi.13306
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发表时间:
2021-05
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Frankel G
Frankel G
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mylona E;Sanchez-Garrido J;Hoang Thu TN;Dongol S;Karkey A;Baker S;Shenoy AR;Frankel G

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甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌(SPtA)仍然是肠道(伤寒)热的主要原因之一。然而,尽管最近亚洲患者的隔离率有所增加,但我们对其发病机制的理解是不完整的。在这里,我们研究了感染SPtA的人巨噬细胞中的炎性小体激活。我们发现SPtA通过激活caspase-1、caspase-4和caspase-8诱导GSDMD介导的细胞凋亡。虽然我们在没有功能性沙门氏菌致病岛-1(SPI-1)注射体的情况下没有观察到细胞死亡,但HilA介导的SPI-1调节子过表达增强了细胞凋亡。SPtA表达FepE,一种LPS O抗原长度调节剂,其诱导非常长的O抗原链的产生。使用ΔfepE突变体,我们确定非常长的O抗原链干扰细菌与上皮细胞的相互作用,并损害炎性小体介导的巨噬细胞死亡。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(STm)血清型具有比SPtA更低的FepE表达,并且触发更高的焦亡,相反地,增加STm中的FepE表达减少焦亡。这些结果表明,FepE的差异表达导致血清型特异性炎性小体调节,这反映了STm和SPtA分别采用的促炎和抗炎策略。我们的研究指出了SPtA毒力的不同机制,它通过制备非常长的LPS O-多糖来减弱炎性小体介导的检测。
Salmonella Paratyphi A (SPtA) remains one of the leading causes of enteric (typhoid) fever. Yet, despite the recent increased rate of isolation from patients in Asia, our understanding of its pathogenesis is incomplete. Here we investigated inflammasome activation in human macrophages infected with SPtA. We found that SPtA induces GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis via activation of caspase‐1, caspase‐4 and caspase‐8. Although we observed no cell death in the absence of a functional Salmonella pathogenicity island‐1 (SPI‐1) injectisome, HilA‐mediated overexpression of the SPI‐1 regulon enhances pyroptosis. SPtA expresses FepE, an LPS O‐antigen length regulator, which induces the production of very long O‐antigen chains. Using a ΔfepE mutant we established that the very long O‐antigen chains interfere with bacterial interactions with epithelial cells and impair inflammasome‐mediated macrophage cell death. Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) serovar has a lower FepE expression than SPtA, and triggers higher pyroptosis, conversely, increasing FepE expression in STm reduced pyroptosis. These results suggest that differential expression of FepE results in serovar‐specific inflammasome modulation, which mirrors the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory strategies employed by STm and SPtA, respectively. Our studies point towards distinct mechanisms of virulence of SPtA, whereby it attenuates inflammasome‐mediated detection through the elaboration of very long LPS O‐polysaccharides.
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