Millisecond flashes of light phase delay the human circadian clock during sleep.
Millisecond flashes of light phase delay the human circadian clock during sleep.
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DOI：
10.1177/0748730414546532
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Heller HC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zeitzer JM;Fisicaro RA;Ruby NF;Heller HC
人类的昼夜节律系统对生物夜间光线的相移效应最为敏感，而夜间是人类最典型的睡眠时间。睡眠与对光相移效应的峰值敏感性重叠，降低了利用光作为人类昼夜节律失调对策的有效性。由于依从性差和继发性变化导致睡眠剥夺，目前大多数针对这种错位的光照治疗大多无效。采用为期16天的平行组设计，我们研究了睡眠期间发出的一种新的闪光序列是否能在不干扰睡眠的情况下引起昼夜节律系统的相位变化。健康志愿者参加了为期两周的昼夜节律稳定方案，随后在实验室呆了两晚。在实验阶段，他们在睡眠期间暴露在黑暗中（n=7），或者在习惯睡觉时间2-3小时后每30秒出现一次2毫秒的闪光（n=6）。昼夜节律（相位）的变化，睡眠的微观和宏观结构都被评估。与对照组相比，睡眠期间暴露于闪光序列的受试者表现出唾液褪黑素昼夜节律的延迟（P<0.05）。在脑电图中出现的诱发反应证实了闪光穿透眼睑。尽管对昼夜节律有强大的影响，但在闪光刺激期间，睡眠的数量或频谱内容（P 's >0.30）都没有大的变化。将睡眠中的个体暴露在一小时内0.24秒的光线下，会改变生物钟的时间，而且不会对睡眠本身产生重大影响。虽然需要更多匹配的受试者和更多的研究来确定这些闪光是否对睡眠有影响，但我们的数据表明，这种类型的被动光疗可能被开发为人类昼夜节律失调的有效治疗方法。
The human circadian timing system is most sensitive to the phase shifting effects of light during the biological nighttime, a time at which humans are most typically asleep. The overlap of sleep with peak sensitivity to the phase shifting effects of light minimizes the effectiveness of using light as a countermeasure to circadian misalignment in humans. Most current light exposure treatments for such misalignment are mostly ineffective due to poor compliance and secondary changes that cause sleep deprivation. Using a 16-day, parallel group design, we examined whether a novel sequence of light flashes delivered during sleep could evoke phase changes in the circadian system without disrupting sleep. Healthy volunteers participated in a two-week circadian stabilization protocol followed by a two-night laboratory stay. During the laboratory session, they were exposed during sleep to either darkness (n=7) or a sequence of 2-msec light flashes given every 30 seconds (n=6) from hours 2–3 after habitual bed time. Changes in circadian timing (phase), micro- and macroarchitecture of sleep were all assessed. Subjects exposed to the flash sequence during sleep exhibited a delay in the timing of their circadian salivary melatonin rhythm as compared to the control dark condition (P<0.05). Confirmation that the flashes penetrated the eyelids is presented by the occurrence of an evoked response in the EEG. Despite the robust effect on circadian timing, there were no large changes in either the amount or spectral content of sleep (P’s>0.30) during the flash stimulus. Exposing sleeping individuals to 0.24 seconds of light spread over an hour shifted the timing of the circadian clock and did so without major alterations to sleep itself. While a greater number of matched subjects and more research will be necessary to ascertain whether there is an effect of these light flashes on sleep, our data suggest that this type of passive phototherapy might be developed as a useful treatment for circadian misalignment in humans.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
DEACON, S;ARENDT, J
通讯作者：
ARENDT, J
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Duffy, Jeanne F;Czeisler, Charles A
通讯作者：
Czeisler, Charles A
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
St Hilaire, Melissa A.;Gooley, Joshua J.;Lockley, Steven W.
通讯作者：
Lockley, Steven W.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1010666108
发表时间：
2011-09-13
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Duffy, Jeanne F.;Cain, Sean W.;Czeisler, Charles A.
通讯作者：
Czeisler, Charles A.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Stevens, RG
通讯作者：
Stevens, RG