Slow Is Also Fast: Feedback Delay Affects Anxiety and Outcome Evaluation.
Slow Is Also Fast: Feedback Delay Affects Anxiety and Outcome Evaluation.
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慢也是快：反馈延迟影响焦虑和结果评估
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2018.00020
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Li H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang X;Lei Y;Yin H;Li P;Li H
绩效反馈对改善人类的适应行为具有重要作用。使用事件相关电位（ERP），以前的研究已经将一个特定的成分，即，奖励积极性（RewP），与结果评价处理，并发现这一组成部分的结果评价前的等待时间的影响。先前的研究也表明，焦虑的人更容易发现威胁，更容易受到负面情绪的影响，并在结果评估中表现出不同的大脑活动模式。决策者不能立即收到反馈是很常见的，然而，很少有研究集中在延迟反馈的处理，特别是在被试谁表现出特质焦虑。在这项研究中，我们招募了两组具有不同特质焦虑水平的受试者，并记录了他们在短时间（0.6-1秒）或长时间延迟（4-5秒）反馈的时间估计任务时的ERPs。提示阶段的ERP结果表明，在高特质焦虑（HTA）组中，长时间等待提示比短时间等待提示诱发更多的负向反馈相关负性（FRN）样成分。更重要的是，两组被试在反馈条件下的ERP模式不同。在低特质焦虑（LTA）组中，短延迟条件下的RewP比长延迟条件下的RewP更多。相比之下，在HTA组中没有发现差异。这种模式可能反映了HTA个体在不确定环境中的奖励系统的过度活跃（例如，长延迟条件）与LTA个体相比。我们的研究结果为进一步研究强化学习和焦虑的神经机制提供了方向。
Performance-related feedback plays an important role in improving human being’s adaptive behavior. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), previous studies have associated a particular component, i.e., reward positivity (RewP), with outcome evaluation processing and found that this component was affected by waiting time before outcome evaluation. Prior research has also suggested that anxious individuals are more prone to detecting threats and susceptible to negative emotions, and show different patterns of brain activity in outcome evaluation. It is quite common that a decision-maker cannot receive feedback immediately; however, few studies have focused on the processing of delayed feedback, especially in subjects who exhibit trait anxiety. In this study, we recruited two groups of subjects with different trait anxiety levels and recorded ERPs when they conducted a time-estimation task with short (0.6–1 s) or long delayed (4–5 s) feedback. The ERP results during the cue phase showed that long waiting cues elicited more negative-going feedback-related negativity (FRN)-like component than short waiting cues in the high trait anxiety (HTA) group. More importantly, the two groups showed different patterns of ERP in the feedback condition. In the low trait anxiety (LTA) group, more positive-going RewP was found in the short-delayed than in the long-delayed condition. In contrast, no difference was found in the HTA group. This pattern may reflect the hyperactivity of the reward systems of HTA individuals in uncertain environments (e.g., the long-delay condition) compared with LTA individuals. Our results provide a direction for future research on the neural mechanisms of reinforcement learning and anxiety.
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