Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.
Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Griffiths RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carbonaro TM;Johnson MW;Hurwitz E;Griffiths RR
尽管裸盖菇素和右美沙芬（DXM）都是致幻剂，但它们具有不同的受体作用机制，尚未直接进行比较。这项研究比较了裸盖菇素和右美沙芬在预期效应最小化的条件下的主观、行为和生理效应。在双盲条件下，对 20 名有致幻剂使用史的健康参与者进行单次急性口服剂量的裸盖菇素（10、20、30 毫克/70 公斤）、DXM（400 毫克/70 公斤）和安慰剂。对参与者和工作人员的指示最大限度地减少了预期影响。给药后评估各种主观、行为和生理效应。高剂量的两种药物使参与者的总体药物效应强度峰值评级有类似的增加，达到最大效应的时间和时程也相似。裸盖菇素对先前显示对致幻剂敏感的大多数参与者评定的主观测量产生了有序的剂量相关增加。 DXM 在大多数相同措施上都取得了增长。然而，高剂量的裸盖菇素产生的视觉效果明显比 DXM 更大、更多样化，包括更大的运动和更频繁、更明亮、独特和复杂（包括纹理和万花筒）的图像和视觉。与 DXM 相比，裸盖菇素还产生显着更强的神秘型和心理洞察力体验，以及对音乐的更大吸收。相比之下，DXM 对身体脱离、恶心/呕吐和头晕的测量效果比裸盖菇素更大。这两种药物都会增加收缩压、心率和瞳孔扩张，并降低精神运动能力和平衡能力。裸盖菇素和 DXM 产生相似的主观体验，其中裸盖菇素产生相对更强的视觉、神秘型、洞察力和音乐体验，而 DXM 产生更大的离体体验。
Although psilocybin and dextromethorphan (DXM) are hallucinogens, they have different receptor mechanisms of action and have not been directly compared. This study compared subjective, behavioral and physiological effects of psilocybin and dextromethorphan under conditions that minimized expectancy effects. Single, acute oral doses of psilocybin (10, 20, 30 mg/70kg), DXM (400 mg/70kg), and placebo were administered under double-blind conditions to 20 healthy participants with histories of hallucinogen use. Instructions to participants and staff minimized expectancy effects. Various subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects were assessed after drug administration. High doses of both drugs produced similar increases in participant ratings of peak overall drug effect strength, with similar times to maximal effect and time-course. Psilocybin produced orderly dose-related increases on most participant-rated subjective measures previously shown sensitive to hallucinogens. DXM produced increases on most of these same measures. However the high dose of psilocybin produced significantly greater and more diverse visual effects than DXM including greater movement and more frequent, brighter, distinctive, and complex (including textured and kaleidoscopic) images and visions. Compared to DXM, psilocybin also produced significantly greater mystical-type and psychologically insightful experiences, and greater absorption in music. In contrast, DXM produced larger effects than psilocybin on measures of disembodiment, nausea/emesis, and lightheadedness. Both drugs increased systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and pupil dilation, and decreased psychomotor performance and balance. Psilocybin and DXM produced similar profiles of subjective experiences, with psilocybin producing relatively greater visual, mystical-type, insightful, and musical experiences, and DXM producing greater disembodiment.
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881108093587
发表时间：
2008-08
期刊：
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Johnson M;Richards W;Griffiths R
通讯作者：
Griffiths R
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Carter, Lawrence P.;Richards, Brian D.;Griffiths, Roland R.
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Roland R.
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1432.003
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
DRUG ADDICTION: RESEARCH FRONTIERS AND TREATMENT ADVANCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Banken, Joseph A.;Foster, Howell
通讯作者：
Foster, Howell
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Dittrich, A
通讯作者：
Dittrich, A
DOI：
10.1016/s0031-6865(97)00014-9
发表时间：
1997-06-01
期刊：
Pharmaceutica acta Helvetiae
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hasler, F;Bourquin, D;Vollenweider, F X
通讯作者：
Vollenweider, F X