Analysis of small nucleolar RNAs reveals unique genetic features in malaria parasites.
Analysis of small nucleolar RNAs reveals unique genetic features in malaria parasites.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-10-68
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发表时间：
2009-02-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Sharma A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mishra PC;Kumar A;Sharma A
核糖体的生物合成是一个涉及数百个反式作用因子的高耗能、严格控制的过程。核仁小RNA（Small nucleolar RNAs，snoRNA）是核糖体生物合成的重要组成部分，是一种非编码的向导RNA，参与rRNA加工、核苷酸修饰如2 '-O-核糖甲基化、假尿苷酸化以及可能的基因调控。snoRNA是普遍存在的，并且在它们的基因组组织、转录机制和成熟过程中是多样的。在脊椎动物中，大多数snoRNA存在于蛋白质编码基因的内含子中，并通过外切核酸裂解进行加工，而在植物中，它们被转录为多顺反子转录物。这是一个全面的分析疟疾寄生虫snoRNA基因和蛋白质，有一个作用，在核糖体生物合成。计算和实验方法已被用来确定几个盒C/D snoRNA从不同种类的疟原虫，并确认其表达。我们的分析表明，内切核糖核酸酶Rnt 1基因是不存在的恶性疟原虫基因组，这表明存在替代的前rRNA加工途径。盒C/D snoRNA的结构特征在疟原虫属中高度保守;然而，与其他生物体不同，大多数寄生虫snoRNA以单拷贝存在。寄生虫snoRNA的基因组定位显示了在植物、酵母和脊椎动物中观察到的混合模式。我们将寄生虫snoRNA定位在mRNA的非翻译区（UTR），这是一个前所未有的新的遗传特征。与哺乳动物的snoRNA类似，疟原虫中的snoRNA也可能表现为移动的遗传元件。本研究对参与核糖体生物合成的反式作用基因进行了综述，并对疟原虫snoRNA基因的遗传学研究进行了展望。
Ribosome biogenesis is an energy consuming and stringently controlled process that involves hundreds of trans-acting factors. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), important components of ribosome biogenesis are non-coding guide RNAs involved in rRNA processing, nucleotide modifications like 2'-O-ribose methylation, pseudouridylation and possibly gene regulation. snoRNAs are ubiquitous and are diverse in their genomic organization, mechanism of transcription and process of maturation. In vertebrates, most snoRNAs are present in introns of protein coding genes and are processed by exonucleolytic cleavage, while in plants they are transcribed as polycistronic transcripts. This is a comprehensive analysis of malaria parasite snoRNA genes and proteins that have a role in ribosomal biogenesis. Computational and experimental approaches have been used to identify several box C/D snoRNAs from different species of Plasmodium and confirm their expression. Our analyses reveal that the gene for endoribonuclease Rnt1 is absent from Plasmodium falciparum genome, which indicates the existence of alternative pre-rRNA processing pathways. The structural features of box C/D snoRNAs are highly conserved in Plasmodium genus; however, unlike other organisms most parasite snoRNAs are present in single copy. The genomic localization of parasite snoRNAs shows mixed patterns of those observed in plants, yeast and vertebrates. We have localized parasite snoRNAs in untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNAs, and this is an unprecedented and novel genetic feature. Akin to mammalian snoRNAs, those in Plasmodium may also behave as mobile genetic elements. This study provides a comprehensive overview on trans-acting genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and also a genetic insight into malaria parasite snoRNA genes.
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