How does the attention system learn from aversive outcomes?
How does the attention system learn from aversive outcomes?
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注意力系统如何从厌恶的结果中学习？
DOI：
10.1037/emo0000757
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderson BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim H;Anderson BA
了解厌恶结果在注意力引导中发挥着作用。经典条件作用对厌恶结果的预测因素产生偏见，而工具学习则强化了负面强化的回避行为，在注意厌恶条件刺激的情况下，这种行为可能很难分离。本研究考察了这两个学习过程对注意力控制的相对贡献。首先，参与者有机会通过在与两个刺激之一相反的方向上产生扫视来避免电击。与实践中的回避行为相反，这种训练导致了偏向于与电击相关的刺激，这表明经典条件反射在注意力控制中发挥着更主导的作用。这些发现与积极强化对注意力的影响相一致，表明注意力系统可能受动机相关性而不是特定情绪效价的指导。
Learning about aversive outcomes plays a role in the guidance of attention. Classical conditioning generates a bias to predictors of aversive outcomes, whereas instrumental learning potentiates a negatively reinforced avoidance behavior, which can be difficult to dissociate in the case of attention to aversively conditioned stimuli. The present study examined the relative contribution from these two learning processes to the control of attention. Participants were first provided an opportunity to avoid an electric shock by generating a saccade in the direction opposite one of two stimuli. In contradiction to the practiced avoidance behavior, such training resulted in a bias to orient toward the shock-associated stimulus, indicative of a more dominant role of classical conditioning in the control of attention. The findings are in parallel with the influence of positive reinforcement on attention, suggesting that the attention system may be guided by motivational relevance rather than a particular emotional valence.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Kim, Haena;Anderson, Brian A.
通讯作者：
Anderson, Brian A.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Laurent, Patryk A.;Yantis, Steven
通讯作者：
Yantis, Steven
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1104047108
发表时间：
2011-06-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Anderson, Brian A.;Laurent, Patryk A.;Yantis, Steven
通讯作者：
Yantis, Steven
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Mulckhuyse, Manon;Crombez, Geert;Van der Stigchel, Stefan
通讯作者：
Van der Stigchel, Stefan
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Schmidt, Lisette J.;Belopolsky, Artem V.;Theeuwes, Jan
通讯作者：
Theeuwes, Jan