Commentary on Gruenewald et al.: 'Even one more license may be "too many"'?
Commentary on Gruenewald et al.: 'Even one more license may be "too many"'?
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DOI：
10.1111/add.15979
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Morrison, Christopher N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morrison, Christopher N.
请允许我以一个简短的轶事开始。1961年，理查德·托雷斯在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺的西区拥有一家台球馆。他是一个繁忙酒吧区的小企业主，他向加州酒精饮料控制部门申请了酒类销售许可证，这将允许他将啤酒出售给他的顾客，供现场饮用。一名酒精饮料管制官员在评估申请时考虑了现有的事实。西区有88个有许可证的房舍，包括63个销售许可证；其中26个有许可证的房舍距离台球厅不到500英尺。该地区拥有弗雷斯诺区3.8%的酒类许可证，但需要多达三分之一的可用执法服务来进行夜间巡逻。这位警官指出，托雷斯的驾照密度很高，酒后被捕的几率很高，但他还是建议托雷斯拿到销售许可证。故事并没有到此为止。加州酒精饮料控制部门拒绝采纳这位官员的建议，而是举行了一次听证会来审查这一申请。他们试图确定发放许可证是否会影响公共福利，因为“附近的酒精饮料许可证过于集中”[2]。他们的调查发现：我们面前的证据充分支持这样一个结论：与广泛发放的许可证相比，许可证集中在有限的区域内，显然是因为经销商之间的竞争加剧，导致了一种无视限制销售规定的倾向；是违反酒类法律的不成比例更多的来源；引起了不成比例的更严重的执法问题；需要更密集的执法计划，包括更频繁地巡逻持牌场所；并导致
Allow me to begin with a brief anecdote. Richard Torres owned a pool hall in the ‘West End’of Fresno, California, in 1961. A small business owner in a busy bar district, he applied to the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control for an on-sale liquor license, which would permit him to sell beer to his patrons for on-site consumption. An Alcoholic Beverage Control officer assessing the application considered the available facts. The West End contained 88 licensed premises, including 63 on-sale licenses; 26 of the licensed premises were within 500 feet of the pool hall. The area contained 3.8% of liquor licenses in the Fresno district but required up to one-third of available law enforcement services for night patrol. The officer noted the ‘high concentration of licenses’ and ‘high incidence of arrests for drunkenness’, but nonetheless recommended that Mr Torres receive the on-sale license. The story does not end there. The California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control refused to adopt the officer’s recommendation, and instead established a hearing to review the application. They sought to determine whether granting the license would affect public welfare because ‘of an undue concentration of alcoholic beverage licenses in the vicinity’[2]. Their investigation found:‘The evidence before us adequately supports a conclusion that the concentration of licenses in a limited area, as compared with widespread issuance, apparently because of an incident increase in competition between dealers, breeds a tendency to disregard regulations restricting sales; is the source of a disproportionately greater number of liquor law violations; gives rise to law enforcement problems disproportionately more serious; necessitates a more intensive enforcement program, including a more frequent patrolling of licensed premises; and results in a
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影响因子：
6
作者：
Gruenewald, Paul J.;Sumetsky, Natalie;Mair, Christina
通讯作者：
Mair, Christina
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
RONCEK, DW;MAIER, PA
通讯作者：
MAIER, PA
DOI：
10.1111/1753-6405.12666
发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Muhunthan, Janani;Angell, Blake;Jan, Stephen
通讯作者：
Jan, Stephen
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Cook, M.;Livingston, M.;Morrison, C. N.
通讯作者：
Morrison, C. N.
影响因子：
6
作者：
Gruenewald, Paul J.
通讯作者：
Gruenewald, Paul J.