A Cohort Study of the Milk Microbiota of Healthy and Inflamed Bovine Mammary Glands From Dryoff Through 150 Days in Milk.
A Cohort Study of the Milk Microbiota of Healthy and Inflamed Bovine Mammary Glands From Dryoff Through 150 Days in Milk.
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2018.00247
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Ruegg PL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Metzger SA;Hernandez LL;Skarlupka JH;Walker TM;Suen G;Ruegg PL
这项纵向队列研究的目的是根据干奶期前后的炎症状态来描述奶牛乳腺的牛奶微生物群。根据培养结果和断奶时的体细胞计数 (SCC) 以及产犊后前 2 周内的两次情况，将各个乳区分配至不同组。在所有 3 个采样周期中微生物学阴性且 SCC 较低（< 100,000 个细胞/mL）的乳腺被归类为健康 (n = 80)。干燥时和第一个产犊后样本中 SCC ≥150,000 个细胞/mL 的微生物学阴性乳腺被归类为慢性培养阴性炎症 (CHRON；n = 17)。干燥时不存在培养阴性牛奶且 SCC ≥ 150,000 个细胞/mL，但在产犊后采样期间均为培养阴性且 SCC ≥ 150,000 个细胞的季度被分类为培养阴性新发炎症 (NEWINF；n = 6)。在所有 3 个时期内有细菌生长且 SCC ≥ 150,000 个细胞/mL 的乳腺被分类为阳性（POS；n = 3）。从所有登记的季度收集牛奶样品直至牛奶中 150 天，并进行微生物群分析。牛奶样本经过总 DNA 提取、40 个循环的 PCR 扩增细菌 16S rRNA 基因的 V4 区域，以及新一代测序。健康季度的 PCR 和测序成功率最低（健康、CHRON、NEWINF 和 POS 分别为 53%、67%、83% 和 67%）。从健康区收集的牛奶中 Chao 丰富度最高，从健康区和 CHRON 区收集的牛奶中香农多样性高于从 NEWINF 或 POS 队列中的腺体收集的牛奶。无论哪个群体，季节都与丰富性和多样性相关，但哺乳阶段则不然。最常见的 OTU 包括典型的肠道和皮肤相关细菌，例如拟杆菌门、水杆菌属和棒状杆菌属中的细菌。在健康状况较差的地区，测序成功率有所提高，再加上大多数样本中缺乏细菌生长，以及扩增细菌 DNA 所需的高 PCR 循环次数，表明培养阴性的健康乳腺的乳汁微生物群比有炎症史的培养阴性乳腺的乳微生物群要少。
The objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to describe the milk microbiota of dairy cow mammary glands based on inflammation status before and after the dry period. Individual mammary quarters were assigned to cohorts based on culture results and somatic cell count (SCC) at dryoff and twice in the first 2 weeks post-calving. Mammary glands that were microbiologically negative and had low SCC (< 100,000 cells/mL) at all 3 sampling periods were classified as Healthy (n = 80). Microbiologically negative mammary glands that had SCC ≥150,000 cells/mL at dryoff and the first post-calving sample were classified as Chronic Culture-Negative Inflammation (CHRON; n = 17). Quarters that did not have both culture-negative milk and SCC ≥ 150,000 cells/mL at dryoff but were culture-negative with SCC ≥ 150,000 at both post-calving sampling periods were classified as Culture-Negative New Inflammation (NEWINF; n = 6). Mammary glands with bacterial growth and SCC ≥ 150,000 cells/mL at all 3 periods were classified as Positive (POS; n = 3). Milk samples were collected from all enrolled quarters until 150 days in milk and subjected to microbiota analysis. Milk samples underwent total DNA extraction, a 40-cycle PCR to amplify the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and next-generation sequencing. Healthy quarters had the lowest rate of PCR and sequencing success (53, 67, 83, and 67% for Healthy, CHRON, NEWINF, and POS, respectively). Chao richness was greatest in milk collected from Healthy quarters and Shannon diversity was greater in milk from Healthy and CHRON quarters than in milk collected from glands in the NEWINF or POS cohorts. Regardless of cohort, season was associated with both richness and diversity, but stage of lactation was not. The most prevalent OTUs included typical gut- and skin-associated bacteria such as those in the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genera Enhydrobacter and Corynebacterium. The increased sequencing success in quarters with worse health outcomes, combined with the lack of bacterial growth in most samples and the high PCR cycle number required for amplification of bacterial DNA, suggests that the milk microbiota of culture-negative, healthy mammary glands is less abundant than that of culture-negative glands with a history of inflammation.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Kuehn JS;Gorden PJ;Munro D;Rong R;Dong Q;Plummer PJ;Wang C;Phillips GJ
通讯作者：
Phillips GJ
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arruda, A. G.;Godden, S.;Champagne, J.
通讯作者：
Champagne, J.
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Gophna, Uri;Konikoff, Tom;Nielsen, Henrik Bjorn
通讯作者：
Nielsen, Henrik Bjorn
影响因子：
15.5
作者：
Jervis-Bardy J;Leong LE;Marri S;Smith RJ;Choo JM;Smith-Vaughan HC;Nosworthy E;Morris PS;O'Leary S;Rogers GB;Marsh RL
通讯作者：
Marsh RL
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Hook, Sarah E.;Steele, Michael A.;McBride, Brian W.
通讯作者：
McBride, Brian W.