Social buffering and contact transmission: network connections have beneficial and detrimental effects on Shigella infection risk among captive rhesus macaques.
Social buffering and contact transmission: network connections have beneficial and detrimental effects on Shigella infection risk among captive rhesus macaques.
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作者：
Balasubramaniam K;Beisner B;Vandeleest J;Atwill E;McCowan B
在群居动物中，群体生活可能会以两种方式影响传染病的风险。一方面，社会联系使个人通过接触介导的传播获得肠道病原体的风险或易感性更大。然而，反过来说，在人类和一些非人类灵长类动物这样的紧密联系的社会中，拥有密切的联系和强大的社会支持关系也可以在社会上缓冲个体对传染性病原体的易感性或传播性。使用社会网络分析，我们评估了潜在的竞争作用的接触介导的传播和社会缓冲的风险感染肠道细菌病原体（福氏志贺菌）圈养组的恒河猴（猕猴）。我们的研究结果表明，在两个猕猴群体中，在梳理和拥挤的社交网络中拥有更多直接，特别是间接联系的个体不易感染。这些结果与之前的几项研究形成鲜明对比，这些研究表明，增加的（直接）接触介导的传播促进了传染病的传播，包括我们自己在第三个猕猴群体中的发现，其中处于拥挤网络中心的个体和/或发起更多战斗的个体更有可能被感染。总之，我们的研究结果表明，一个人的社会关系可能会增加或减少其获得传染性病原体的机会。他们扩展了社会缓冲假说的适用性，不仅仅是压力和免疫功能相关的健康益处，还包括传染病抵抗力的额外健康结果。最后，我们推测，社会缓冲与接触介导的传播可能发生的情况下，可能取决于多种因素，如生活条件，病原体特异性传播途径，和/或整体社会背景，如一个群体的社会稳定性。
In social animals, group living may impact the risk of infectious disease acquisition in two ways. On the one hand, social connectedness puts individuals at greater risk or susceptibility for acquiring enteric pathogens via contact-mediated transmission. Yet conversely, in strongly bonded societies like humans and some nonhuman primates, having close connections and strong social ties of support can also socially buffer individuals against susceptibility or transmissibility of infectious agents. Using social network analyses, we assessed the potentially competing roles of contact-mediated transmission and social buffering on the risk of infection from an enteric bacterial pathogen (Shigella flexneri) among captive groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Our results indicate that, within two macaque groups, individuals possessing more direct and especially indirect connections in their grooming and huddling social networks were less susceptible to infection. These results are in sharp contrast to several previous studies that indicate that increased (direct) contact-mediated transmission facilitates infectious disease transmission, including our own findings in a third macaque group in which individuals central in their huddling network and/or which initiated more fights were more likely to be infected. In summary, our findings reveal that an individual’s social connections may increase or decrease its chances of acquiring infectious agents. They extend the applicability of the social buffering hypothesis, beyond just stress and immune-function-related health benefits, to the additional health outcome of infectious disease resistance. Finally, we speculate that the circumstances under which social buffering versus contact-mediated transmission may occur could depend on multiple factors, such as living condition, pathogen-specific transmission routes, and/or an overall social context such as a group’s social stability.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2014.0104
发表时间：
2015-05-26
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.003
发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2014-10-22
影响因子：
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