Occupational paraquat exposure of agricultural workers in large Costa Rican farms.
Occupational paraquat exposure of agricultural workers in large Costa Rican farms.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00420-008-0356-7
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Schenker MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee K;Park EK;Stoecklin-Marois M;Koivunen ME;Gee SJ;Hammock BD;Beckett LA;Schenker MB
百草枯是一种在世界范围内广泛使用的除草剂。该研究确定了哥斯达黎加农场工人职业接触百草枯的程度，并确定了职业接触的决定因素。从香蕉、咖啡和棕榈油农场的119名百草枯处理人员和54名非处理人员中采集了24小时尿样。还收集了有关除草剂处理操作的信息。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测定尿中百草枯浓度，定量限（LOQ）为2纳克/毫升。同时测量了一部分参与者的可吸入粉尘和空气中百草枯水平。当工人不处理百草枯时，尿液中的百草枯测量值不可检测或非常低。对于处理人员，在百草枯喷洒前、喷洒中和喷洒后，分别有83.3%、47.1%和63.9%的样品低于定量限。工人接触百草枯的日子尿中百草枯浓度的算术平均值（±SD）为6.3（±10.45）微克/24小时。处理人员在喷洒日的百草枯暴露与作物类型显著相关。非操作人员的百草枯尿液可忽略不计，而在喷洒日，在操作人员中观察到可检测到的百草枯暴露。不同作物的尿液中百草枯含量不同。
Paraquat is an herbicide widely used worldwide. This study determined the extent of occupational exposure to paraquat among farm workers in Costa Rica and identified determinants of occupational exposure. Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected from 119 paraquat handlers and 54 non-handlers from banana, coffee and palm oil farms. Information about herbicide handling operations was also collected. The urinary paraquat levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a limit of quantiication (LOQ) of 2 ng/mL. Inhalable dust and airborne paraquat levels were simultaneously measured for a subset of the participants. Urinary paraquat measurements were non-detectable or very low when workers did not handle paraquat. For handlers, 83.3, 47.1 and 63.9% of the samples were below the LOQ on before-, during- and after-paraquat spray days, respectively. The arithmetic mean (±SD) of urinary paraquat level on days when workers handled paraquat was 6.3 (±10.45) µg/24h. Paraquat exposures among handlers on spray day were significantly associated with the type of crop. Non-handlers had negligible urinary paraquat, while detectable paraquat exposures were observed among handlers on spray day. Urinary paraquat levels were different by crop.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00420-002-0323-7
发表时间：
2002-08-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Arbuckle, TE;Burnett, R;Zhang, J
通讯作者：
Zhang, J
影响因子：
4
作者：
WOJECK, GA;PRICE, JF;STAMPER, JH
通讯作者：
STAMPER, JH
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
VANEMON, J;HAMMOCK, B;SEIBER, JN
通讯作者：
SEIBER, JN
DOI：
10.1007/s00244-003-0251-x
发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
4
作者：
Koivunen, ME;Gee, SJ;Hammock, BD
通讯作者：
Hammock, BD
DOI：
10.1007/bf00378371
发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
ALESSIO, L;BERLIN, A;GHEZZI, I
通讯作者：
GHEZZI, I