Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models.
Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.00108s3511
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发表时间：
2000-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Barone S Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rice D;Barone S Jr
神经系统发育过程中的脆弱时期对环境的侮辱很敏感，因为它们依赖于关键发育过程(即增殖、迁移、分化、突触形成、髓鞘形成和细胞凋亡)的暂时和区域性出现。来自许多来源的证据表明，神经发育从胚胎时期一直延伸到青春期。一般说来，不同物种之间的事件顺序是相似的，尽管时间尺度有很大的不同。动物或人类在发育过程中暴露于多种物质(如X射线辐射、甲氧基甲醇、乙醇、铅、甲基汞或毒死蜱)表明，干扰这些发育过程中的一个或多个可导致发育神经毒性。不同的行为领域(例如，感觉、运动和各种认知功能)由不同的大脑区域提供服务。尽管啮齿类动物和人脑之间有重要的区别，但可以识别出相似的结构。此外，特定行为的个体发育可以用来推断啮齿动物和灵长类动物(包括人类)特定大脑结构或神经回路的成熟。此外，人类的各种临床疾病(如精神分裂症、阅读障碍、癫痫和自闭症)也可能是神经系统发育过程中正常个体发育受到干扰的结果。最令人担忧的是，发育过程中暴露于神经毒物可能会导致与年龄相关的功能衰退加速。造成微小影响的发育神经毒性在整个人口和整个人类寿命中摊销时，可能会产生深远的社会影响，这一事实加剧了这一关切。
Vulnerable periods during the development of the nervous system are sensitive to environmental insults because they are dependent on the temporal and regional emergence of critical developmental processes (i.e., proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, myelination, and apoptosis). Evidence from numerous sources demonstrates that neural development extends from the embryonic period through adolescence. In general, the sequence of events is comparable among species, although the time scales are considerably different. Developmental exposure of animals or humans to numerous agents (e.g., X-ray irradiation, methylazoxymethanol, ethanol, lead, methyl mercury, or chlorpyrifos) demonstrates that interference with one or more of these developmental processes can lead to developmental neurotoxicity. Different behavioral domains (e.g., sensory, motor, and various cognitive functions) are subserved by different brain areas. Although there are important differences between the rodent and human brain, analogous structures can be identified. Moreover, the ontogeny of specific behaviors can be used to draw inferences regarding the maturation of specific brain structures or neural circuits in rodents and primates, including humans. Furthermore, various clinical disorders in humans (e.g., schizophrenia, dyslexia, epilepsy, and autism) may also be the result of interference with normal ontogeny of developmental processes in the nervous system. Of critical concern is the possibility that developmental exposure to neurotoxicants may result in an acceleration of age-related decline in function. This concern is compounded by the fact that developmental neurotoxicity that results in small effects can have a profound societal impact when amortized across the entire population and across the life span of humans.
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DOI：
10.1155/np.1997.63
发表时间：
1997-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSPLANTATION & PLASTICITY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Angelucci, F;Cimino, M;Aloe, L
通讯作者：
Aloe, L
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Atterberry, TT;Burnett, WT;Chambers, JE
通讯作者：
Chambers, JE
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Annegers, JF;Rocca, WA;Hauser, WA
通讯作者：
Hauser, WA
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
ALBERCH, J;BRITO, B;CASTRO, R
通讯作者：
CASTRO, R
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
BACHEVALIER, J;BRICKSON, M;HAGGER, C
通讯作者：
HAGGER, C