Amerindian Sociocosmologies of Northwestern South America: Some Reflections on the Dead, Metamorphosis, and Religious Specialists1

Amerindian Sociocosmologies of Northwestern South America: Some Reflections on the Dead, Metamorphosis, and Religious Specialists1
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南美洲西北部的美洲印第安社会宇宙学:对死亡、变形和宗教专家的一些思考1

DOI:
10.1111/jlca.12381
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ernst.
Ernst.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Halbmayer;Ernst.

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文章讨论了与死者的关系,变形的形式,以及南美洲西北部的奇布查(Kogi,Barí),加勒比(Yukpa)和阿拉瓦坎(Wayuu)群体中宗教专家的作用。这些团体中的每一个都偏离了亚马逊万物有灵论的标准理解。尽管他们的异质性,这些群体都相信与死者的持续互动,同时,缺乏自愿和有目的的变形的概念。与灵魂和死者的关系比与狩猎动物的直接关系更重要,因为狩猎动物通常被认为不具有与人类相同的优先权。这种差异也产生了萨满教和祭司的形式,基于占卜,梦想和精神助手的掌握。因此,南美洲西北部的哥伦比亚地峡地区以等级泛灵论的形式为标志,其中与死者集体的关系,祭品,礼物,以及在瓦尤人的情况下,牺牲发挥了重要作用。[地峡-哥伦比亚地区,美洲印第安人社会宇宙学,死亡仪式,Yukpa,Barí,Kogi,Wayuu]
The article discusses relations with the dead, forms of metamorphosis, and the role of religious specialists among Chibcha (Kogi, Barí), Carib (Yukpa), and Arawakan (Wayuu) groups of northwestern South America. Each of these groups deviates from standard understandings of Amazonian animism. Despite their heterogeneity, the groups share a belief in a continuous interaction with the dead and, at the same time, lack notions of voluntary and purposeful metamorphosis. Relations with spirits and the dead are of greater importance than immediate relations with game animals, which are generally not considered to have the same interiority as humans. This difference also produces forms of shamanism and priesthood based on divination, dreams, and the mastery of spirit helpers. The Isthmo‐Colombian area in northwestern South America is thus marked by forms of hierarchical animism in which relations to the collectivity of dead, offerings, gifts, and, in the case of the Wayuu, sacrifice play an important role. [Isthmo‐Colombian area, Amerindian sociocosmologies, death rituals, Yukpa, Barí, Kogi, Wayuu]
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