A Real Time Coincidence System for High Count-Rate TOF or Non-TOF PET Cameras Using Hybrid Method Combining AND-Logic and Time-Mark Technology.
A Real Time Coincidence System for High Count-Rate TOF or Non-TOF PET Cameras Using Hybrid Method Combining AND-Logic and Time-Mark Technology.
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DOI：
10.1109/tns.2009.2039228
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Wong WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang C;Li H;Ramirez RA;Zhang Y;Baghaei H;Liu S;An S;Wong WH
针对飞行时间（TOF）和非TOF PET相机，开发了一种基于全数字fpga的高计数率符合系统。使用and逻辑和时间标记技术的混合产生了出色的时序分辨率和高处理速度。在这种混合架构中，每个伽马事件由一个125 MHz的系统时钟同步，并产生一个触发器，该触发器与一个8位高分辨率TDC （68.3 ps/bin）给出的时间标记相关联。将and逻辑应用于同步触发器，对同步事件进行实时原始排序。采用一种高效的基于FPGA的时间标记精细排序算法，在预设的符合时间窗内选择所有可能的符合事件。这种基于fpga的巧合系统为模块化PET相机提供了可重新编程的灵活性和可扩展性，因此巧合系统很容易使用，无论PET相机探测器设置的规模如何。在设计中采用了分布式处理方法和流水线技术，以获得很高的处理速度。在本设计中，实时同时处理提示和延时的意外巧合。实时数字重合系统支持2到12个检测器模块的重合设置，每秒能够处理7200万个单事件，没有数字数据丢失，并捕获多事件重合，以获得更好的成像性能评估。在不同应用的数据采集过程中，每个符合事件对的符合时间窗大小和时间偏移量可以以68.3 ps的增量（TDC LSB）独立编程，以优化信噪比。该系统采用1.5 Gbps光纤接口集成在一块电路板上。我们用实际电路和蒙特卡罗模拟验证了系统的性能。
A fully digital FPGA-based high count-rate coincidence system has been developed for TOF (Time of Flight) and non-TOF PET cameras. Using a hybrid of AND-logic and Time-mark technology produced both excellent timing resolution and high processing speed. In this hybrid architecture, every gamma event was synchronized by a 125 MHz system clock and generating a trigger associated with a time-mark given by an 8-bit high-resolution TDC (68.3 ps/bin). AND-logic was applied to the synchronized triggers for the real-time raw sorting of coincident events. An efficient FPGA based Time-mark fine-sort algorithm is used to select all the possible coincidence events within the preset coincidence time window. This FPGA-based coincidence system for a modular PET camera offers reprogrammable flexibility and expandability, so the coincidence system is easily employed, regardless of differences in the scale of the PET camera detector setup. A distributed processing method and pipeline technology were adopted in the design to obtain very high processing speed. In this design, both prompt and time-delayed accidental coincidences are simultaneously processed in real time. The real-time digital coincidence system supports coincidence in 2 to 12 detector module setups, capable of processing 72 million single events per second with no digital data loss and captures multiple-event coincidence for better imaging performance evaluation. The coincidence time window-size and time-offset of each coincidence event pair can be programmed independently in 68.3 ps increments (TDC LSB) during the data acquisition in different applications to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio. The complex coincidence system is integrated in one circuit board with 1.5 Gbps fiber optic interface. We demonstrated the system performance using the actual circuit and Monte Carlo simulations.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Wong, WH;Uribe, J;Farrell, R
通讯作者：
Farrell, R
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Imrek, J.;Novak, D.;Kerek, A.
通讯作者：
Kerek, A.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Smith, RJ;Karp, JS
通讯作者：
Karp, JS
DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.117
发表时间：
2004-07-11
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Assié, K;Breton, V;Van de Walle, R
通讯作者：
Van de Walle, R
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Baghaei, Flossain;Zhang, Yuxuan;Wong, Wai-Hoi
通讯作者：
Wong, Wai-Hoi