Sex Differences in Group Composition and Habitat Use of Iberian Free-Range Pigs.
Sex Differences in Group Composition and Habitat Use of Iberian Free-Range Pigs.
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伊比利亚自由放养猪的群体组成和栖息地的性别差异。
DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2020.600259
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Mainau E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dalmau A;Martínez-Macipe M;Manteca X;Mainau E
本工作的目的是研究组的大小，组的组成和栖息地利用伊比利亚猪沿着的一年，当饲养在室外。这包括从2月龄至至少14月龄自由饲养动物的方案。在第一阶段，动物补充精料，在第二阶段，称为montanera，猪只吃每公顷不超过两头猪的地区的自然资源。在这些系统中，雄性被阉割以避免野猪的污染，雌性被阉割以避免野猪的吸引和安装。本研究在西班牙西南部分配的5个不同农场中进行，连续2年（2012年3月至2014年2月）采用montanera方案，共观察到995只动物（498只雄性和497只雌性）。采用SAS软件对数据进行一般模型和混合过程分析。沿着的平均群体大小为17 ± 12.9只，但在山地（12 ± 0.8）和中午（13 ± 0.8）时显著较低（P < 0.05）。离树50 m以上（23 ± 1.8）、离遮蔽处（25 ± 1.5）、离取食区（31 ± 3.1）和离水浴区（25 ± 1.5）m以下的群体较大（P < 0.05）。9%的群体是独居动物，在蒙塔纳拉（11%）比今年其他时间（8%）更高（P = 0.0286），68%由雄性组成。混合群体中的雄性比雌性少（75%比91%），尤其是在春季，发现最大的雄性群体（P < 0.0001）;雌性群体比雄性和混合群体少且小（P < 0.0001）。总之，虽然雄性在很小的时候就被阉割了，但它们表现出了与雌性不同的行为，在春季形成单身汉群体，较少参与混合群体，并有更多的孤独动物。在蒙塔纳拉，当动物以橡子和其他自然资源为食时，群体较小，更接近树木，孤独的雄性达到最大百分比。
The aim of the present work was to study group size, group composition and habitat use of Iberian pigs along the year when reared outdoor. This consists of a regimen in which animals are reared free range from 2 months of age until at least 14 months of age. In a first stage, animals are supplemented with concentrates, and in a second, called montanera, pigs eat just natural resources in areas with no more than two pigs per hectare. In these systems, males are castrated to avoid boar taint and females spayed to avoid the attraction and mounting by wild boars. The study was carried out in five different farms allocated in the south-west of Spain during 2 consecutive years, from March 2012 to February 2014, under the montanera regimen, and with a total of 995 animals observed (498 males and 497 females). The data were analyzed with SAS by means of general models and proc mixed. Mean group size along the year was of 17 ± 12.9 individuals, but this was significantly lower (P < 0.05) during the montanera (12 ± 0.8) and at midday (13 ± 0.8). Groups were bigger (P < 0.05) when they were more than 50 m from a tree (23 ± 1.8), or <10 m from the shelter (25 ± 1.5), the feeding area (31 ± 3.1) and the water-bath area (25 ± 1.5). Nine percent of the groups were solitary animals, being higher (P = 0.0286) during the montanera (11%) than the rest of the year (8%) and being formed in 68% by males. Males were less involved in mixed groups than were females (75% vs. 91%), especially in spring, where the largest (P < 0.0001) male groups were found. Female groups were less frequent and smaller (P < 0.0001) than were male and mixed groups. In conclusion, although males were castrated at a very young age, they showed a different behavior than females, forming in bachelor groups during the spring and being less involved in mixed groups and with more solitary animals. During the montanera, when animals were feeding on acorns and other natural resources, groups were smaller and closer to the trees, solitary males reaching a maximum percent.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Aparicio Tovar, M. A.;Vargas Giraldo, J. D.
通讯作者：
Vargas Giraldo, J. D.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Dalmau, Antoni;Ferret, Alfred;Manteca, Xavier
通讯作者：
Manteca, Xavier
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Focardi, S.;Morimando, F.;Genov, P.
通讯作者：
Genov, P.
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Lopez-Bote, CJ
通讯作者：
Lopez-Bote, CJ
影响因子：
3
作者：
Martinez-Macipe, Miriam;Mainau, Eva;Dalmau, Antoni
通讯作者：
Dalmau, Antoni