Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain.

Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001
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发表时间:
2012-04
影响因子:
19.9
通讯作者:
Luk, Gigi
Luk, Gigi
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bialystok, Ellen;Craik, Fergus I. M.;Luk, Gigi

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早期的证据表明双语对儿童的认知发展的有益影响的基础上,我们回顾了最近的研究,使用行为和神经影像学方法来检查双语对成年期认知的影响,并探讨这些影响的可能机制。这项研究表明,双语能力在成年期的影响有所减弱,但在老年期的作用更大,可以防止认知能力下降,这一概念被称为“认知储备”。我们讨论了最近的证据表明,双语与痴呆症状的发病延迟。认知储备是一个重要的研究领域,在人口老龄化的背景下,双语有助于认知储备的可能性,因此越来越重要,因为人口变得越来越多样化。
Building on earlier evidence showing a beneficial effect of bilingualism on children’s cognitive development, we review recent studies using both behavioral and neuroimaging methods to examine the effects of bilingualism on cognition in adulthood and explore possible mechanisms for these effects. This research shows that bilingualism has a somewhat muted effect in adulthood but a larger role in older age, protecting against cognitive decline, a concept known as “cognitive reserve”. We discuss recent evidence that bilingualism is associated with a delay in the onset of symptoms of dementia. Cognitive reserve is a crucial research area in the context of an aging population; the possibility that bilingualism contributes to cognitive reserve is therefore of growing importance as populations become increasingly diverse.
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