Non-Coding RNAs: Functional Aspects and Diagnostic Utility in Oncology.
Non-Coding RNAs: Functional Aspects and Diagnostic Utility in Oncology.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms14034934
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Reitmair A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim T;Reitmair A
已发现非编码RNA（ncRNA）在多种生物过程中发挥作用。最近的研究表明，ncRNA比最初想象的要丰富和重要得多，在诊断，预后和治疗应用中有很大的希望。在ncRNA中，microRNA（miRNAs）是最广泛研究和表征的。它们与多种人类恶性肿瘤的发生和进展有关，包括主要病理学，如癌症、关节炎、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病。它们在血清和其他体液中令人惊讶的稳定性导致它们迅速上升为一类新的生物标志物。例如，稳定的miRNAs的几个特性，以及其他类型的ncRNAs，使它们成为早期癌症检测和确定哪些肿瘤前病变可能进展为癌症的良好候选生物标志物。特别感兴趣的是生物标志物特征的鉴定，其可以包括传统的基于蛋白质的生物标志物，以改善风险评估、检测和预后。在这里，我们提供了一个全面的审查ncRNA生物标志物的文献，并讨论国家的最先进的技术，他们的检测。此外，我们解决了目前的挑战，在miRNA的检测和定量，并概述了未来的发展前景，下一代生物检测分析采用交替激光激发（ALEX）荧光光谱。
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been found to have roles in a large variety of biological processes. Recent studies indicate that ncRNAs are far more abundant and important than initially imagined, holding great promise for use in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. Within ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most widely studied and characterized. They have been implicated in initiation and progression of a variety of human malignancies, including major pathologies such as cancers, arthritis, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Their surprising stability in serum and other bodily fluids led to their rapid ascent as a novel class of biomarkers. For example, several properties of stable miRNAs, and perhaps other classes of ncRNAs, make them good candidate biomarkers for early cancer detection and for determining which preneoplastic lesions are likely to progress to cancer. Of particular interest is the identification of biomarker signatures, which may include traditional protein-based biomarkers, to improve risk assessment, detection, and prognosis. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the ncRNA biomarker literature and discuss state-of-the-art technologies for their detection. Furthermore, we address the challenges present in miRNA detection and quantification, and outline future perspectives for development of next-generation biodetection assays employing multicolor alternating-laser excitation (ALEX) fluorescence spectroscopy.
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