Using manganese-enhanced MRI to understand BOLD.
Using manganese-enhanced MRI to understand BOLD.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.008
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发表时间：
2012-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Silva, Afonso C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silva, Afonso C.
关键词：
20 世纪 90 年代被美国国会指定为“大脑的十年”，也许是因为人们非常期待功能性神经影像技术将有助于加深我们对大脑功能组织方式的理解。虽然不可能高估功能性 MRI 在神经科学中的影响，但血氧水平依赖性 (BOLD) 对比的许多方面仍然知之甚少，这在很大程度上是由于神经活动和血流动力学变化之间的复杂关系。为了更好地理解这种关系，独立探测神经活动非常重要。锰增强 MRI (MEMRI) 用于监测神经活动时，是一种使用二价锰离子 Mn2+ 作为钙流入替代测量的技术。使用 Mn2+ 作为功能标记物的主要优点是获得的对比度与可兴奋细胞中离子以活性依赖方式的积累直接相关。因此，MEMRI 中的对比度与神经活动的关系比基于血流动力学的功能磁共振成像技术更直接。在目前的工作中，回顾了 MEMRI 的早期概念，并讨论了有助于更好地理解皮质中 BOLD 信号变化的空间特异性的比较实验。
The 1990s were designated “The Decade of the Brain” by U.S. Congress, perhaps in great anticipation of the impact that functional neuroimaging techniques would have on advancing our understanding of how the brain is functionally organized. While it is impossible to overestimate the impact of functional MRI in neuroscience, many aspects of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast remain poorly understood, in great part due to the complex relationship between neural activity and hemodynamic changes. To better understand such relationship, it is important to probe neural activity independently. Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI), when used to monitor neural activity, is a technique that uses the divalent manganese ion, Mn2+, as a surrogate measure of calcium influx. A major advantage of using Mn2+ as a functional marker is that the contrast obtained is directly related to the accumulation of the ion in excitable cells in an activity dependent manner. As such, the contrast in MEMRI is more directly related to neural activity then hemodynamic-based fMRI techniques. In the present work, the early conceptualization of MEMRI is reviewed, and the comparative experiments that have helped provide a better understanding of the spatial specificity of BOLD signal changes in the cortex is discussed.
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