MicroRNA dysregulation in uveal melanoma: a new player enters the game.

MicroRNA dysregulation in uveal melanoma: a new player enters the game.
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葡萄膜黑色素瘤中的 MicroRNA 失调:新玩家加入游戏

DOI:
10.18632/oncotarget.2923
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发表时间:
2015-03-10
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jiang Y
Jiang Y
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li Z;Yu X;Shen J;Jiang Y

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葡萄膜黑色素瘤是第二常见的黑色素瘤形式,也是成人中主要的眼内恶性肿瘤。葡萄膜黑色素瘤的发展是一个多步骤的过程,涉及原癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的遗传和表观遗传改变。最近的发现为一类称为 microRNA (miRNA) 的非编码 RNA 在葡萄膜黑色素瘤中的参与提供了新的线索。许多 miRNA 在葡萄膜黑色素瘤组织和细胞系中表现出差异表达。基于这些 miRNA 控制葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞恶性表型的发现,编码这些 miRNA 的基因已被定性为新型癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因。多项研究已证实 miRNA 失调可促进细胞周期进展、抵抗细胞凋亡并增强侵袭和转移。此外,一些 miRNA 也已被证明与葡萄膜黑色素瘤的发生和进展相关,因此可用作早期诊断和预后的生物标志物。阐明 miRNA 失调的生物学方面可能有助于我们更好地了解葡萄膜黑色素瘤的发病机制,并促进针对该疾病的 miRNA 定向治疗的发展。
Uveal melanoma is the second most common form of melanoma and a predominant intraocular malignant tumor in adults. The development of uveal melanoma is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alteration of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Recent discoveries have shed a new light on the involvement of a class of noncoding RNA known as microRNAs (miRNAs) in uveal melanoma. A lot of miRNAs show differential expressions in uveal melanoma tissues and cell lines. Genes coding for these miRNAs have been characterized as novel oncogene and tumor-suppressor genes based on findings that these miRNAs control malignant phenotypes of uveal melanoma cells. Several studies have confirmed that dysregulation of miRNAs promotes cell-cycle progression, confers resistance to apoptosis, and enhances invasiveness and metastasis. Moreover, several miRNAs have also been shown to correlate with uveal melanoma initiation and progression, and thus may be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. Elucidating the biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation may help us better understand the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma and promote the development of miRNA directed-therapeutics against this disease.
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