Chromatin structure, epigenetic mechanisms and long-range interactions in the human insulin locus.

Chromatin structure, epigenetic mechanisms and long-range interactions in the human insulin locus.
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人胰岛素基因座中的染色质结构,表观遗传机理和远距离相互作用。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01645.x
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发表时间:
2012-10
期刊:
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Felsenfeld G
Felsenfeld G
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu Z;Lefevre GM;Felsenfeld G

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真核生物中基因表达的调节很大程度上取决于染色质结构的变化。最近,人们已经清楚,这可能不仅涉及局部染色质组织,还涉及参与细胞核内大规模染色质结构的远程调控元件。我们描述了最新的方法,使检测此类结构成为可能,并将其应用于胰岛中人胰岛素(INS)位点的分析。我们证明 INS 基因是扩展的“开放”染色质结构域的一部分,该结构域也包括相邻的基因。我们还发现,在胰岛中,INS 启动子与同一人类染色体上较远的位点有物理接触,特别是与 SYT8 基因,位于近 300 kb 之外。葡萄糖增加了 INS 和 SYT8 之间的接触强度,这导致了 SYT8 表达的刺激。 INS 转录的抑制会降低 SYT8 的表达。此外,SYT8 的下调会导致胰岛素分泌减少。因此,我们的结果证实了 INS 基因和其他遥远基因之间通过长距离物理相互作用存在调节网络,并表明这种网络可能对胰岛素生物学和糖尿病具有普遍重要性。
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is largely dependent on variations in chromatin structure. More recently, it has become clear that this may involve not only local chromatin organization but also distant regulatory elements that participate in large-scale chromatin architecture within the nucleus. We describe recent methods that make possible the detection of such structures and apply them to analysis of the human insulin (INS) locus in pancreatic islets. We show that the INS gene is part of an extended ‘open’ chromatin domain that includes adjacent genes as well. We also find that in islets, the INS promoter is in physical contact with distant sites on the same human chromosome and notably, with the SYT8 gene, located nearly 300 kb away. The strength of the contact between INS and SYT8 is increased by glucose, and this results in stimulation of SYT8 expression. Inhibition of INS transcription decreases SYT8 expression. Furthermore, downregulation of SYT8 results in decreased secretion of insulin. Our results thus establish the existence of a regulatory network between the INS gene and other distant genes through long-range physical interactions, and suggest that such networks may have general importance for insulin biology and diabetes.
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