Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users.
Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users.
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静脉吸毒者感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的危险因素。
DOI：
10.1056/nejm198909283211306
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Friedland,G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schoenbaum,EE;Hartel,D;Selwyn,PA;Klein,RS;Davenny,K;Rogers,M;Feiner,C;Friedland,G
为了确定静脉注射吸毒者中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的危险因素，我们对纽约布朗克斯区452名参加美沙酮治疗计划的人进行了HIV抗体血清阳性率的研究。总体来说，艾滋病毒的血清阳性率为39.4%，黑人为49.1%，西班牙裔为41.8%，非西班牙裔白人为17.2%(所有比较P均小于0.001)。艾滋病毒抗体的存在与每月注射次数(P<0.001)、使用过的针头注射的百分比(P<0.001)、每月平均注射可卡因的次数(P<0.001)以及与陌生人或熟人共用针头注射的百分比(P<0.001)有关，这种做法在黑人和西班牙裔比白人中更常见。静脉吸毒的异性性伴人数与女性HIV感染相关(P<0.004.0 5)，是1982年以后未注射过毒品的唯一危险因素(P<0.0 5)。HIV抗体的存在与黑人或西班牙裔(调整后的优势比，4.56；95%可信区间，2.65至8.14)、最近一次注射毒品的最近一年(调整后的优势比，1.24；95%的可信区间，1.13至1.35)、在“射击库”注射毒品的百分比(调整后的优势比，1.49；95%的可信区间，1.19至1.88)、有使用静脉注射毒品的性伴侣(调整后的优势比1.24；低收入(调整后的赔率比为1.55；95%的可信区间为1.10至2.17)。我们得出结论，吸毒的社会环境和与注射相关的行为的差异对感染艾滋病毒的风险是不同的，这可能在一定程度上解释了黑人和西班牙裔艾滋病毒血清阳性率较高的原因。此外，我们发现异性行为是吸毒者的独立危险因素。
To identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in intravenous drug users, we undertook a study of the seroprevalence of HIV antibody in 452 persons enrolled in a methadone-treatment program in the Bronx, New York. The seroprevalence of HIV was 39.4 percent overall, 49.1 percent in blacks, 41.8 percent in Hispanics, and 17.2 percent in non-Hispanic whites (P less than 0.001 for all comparisons). The presence of HIV antibody was associated with the number of injections per month (P less than 0.001), the percentage of injections with used needles (P less than 0.001), the average number of injections with cocaine per month (P less than 0.001), and the percentage of injections with needles that were shared with strangers or acquaintances (P less than 0.001), a practice that was more common among blacks and Hispanics than among whites. The number of heterosexual sex partners who used intravenous drugs was associated with HIV infection in women (P less than 0.004) and was the only risk factor found for users who had not injected drugs after 1982 (P less than 0.05). The presence of HIV antibody was independently associated with being black or Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio, 4.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.65 to 8.14), a more recent year of the last injection of drugs (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.35), the percentage of injections of drugs that took place in" shooting galleries"(adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.88), having sex partners who used intravenous drugs (adjusted odds ratio 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.45), and low income (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 2.17). We conclude that differences in both the social setting of drug use and behavior related to injection carry different risks for infection with HIV and may explain, in part, the higher seroprevalence of HIV among blacks and Hispanics. In addition, we found that heterosexual activity was an independent risk factor for drug users.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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纽约市静脉吸毒者感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的危险因素。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
AIDS (London, England)
影响因子：
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作者：
Marmor,M;DesJarlais,DC;Cohen,H;Friedman,SR;Beatrice,ST;Dubin,N;el-Sadr,W;Mildvan,D;Yancovitz,S;Mathur,U
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Mathur,U
HIV 感染和静脉吸毒：传播动态、感染结果和预防的关键问题。
DOI：
10.1093/clinids/10.1.151
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
Reviews of infectious diseases
影响因子：
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作者：
DesJarlais,DC;Friedman,SR;Stoneburner,RL
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影响因子：
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作者：
ROBERTSON, JR;BUCKNALL, ABV;BRETTLE, RP
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.1987.03390150055033
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
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作者：
M. Guinan;A. Hardy
通讯作者：
A. Hardy