Valuation of peers' safe choices is associated with substance-naïveté in adolescents.
Valuation of peers' safe choices is associated with substance-naïveté in adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1919111117
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发表时间：
2020-12-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
King-Casas B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chung D;Orloff MA;Lauharatanahirun N;Chiu PH;King-Casas B
在青春期，药物滥用和其他危害健康的行为会出现，尤其是那些与有此类行为的同龄人交往的青少年，而对于那些有不那么异常行为的同龄人的青少年来说，情况则较少。在这里，我们提供了行为和神经证据，证明安全同伴在指导青少年的选择和物质使用方面发挥了有益作用，而不是危险同伴的有害影响。即使在控制了与物质使用相关的其他因素之后，青少年对同龄人安全选择的重视程度也预示着他们对物质的天真，而对同龄人风险选择的评估与物质使用无关。尽管之前的研究主要考察了消极同伴与健康风险行为增加之间的关联，但我们的数据支持积极的社会同伴在有利影响健康风险行为方面发挥着重要作用。社会对决策的影响在青春期尤其明显，既有保护作用，也有有害作用。为了评估青少年对社交信号的反应如何与药物使用相关，我们使用了功能性神经影像学和赌博任务，其中使用过和未使用过药物（分别是接触过药物和未接触过药物）的青少年单独做出选择，并在观察同龄人的决定后做出选择。使用基于定量模型的分析，我们确定了行为和神经证据，表明观察他人的安全选择相对于接触物质的青少年而言，增加了未接触过物质的青少年的主观价值和安全选择的选择。此外，观察他人冒险选择的影响并不因物质暴露而变化。这些结果提供了神经行为证据，证明积极的同龄人（这里是那些做出更安全选择的人）在指导青少年现实世界的风险决策中的作用。
During adolescence, substance use and other health-risk behaviors emerge, particularly among those who associate with peers engaging in such behaviors and less so for adolescents with less deviant peers. Here, we provide behavioral and neural evidence for a beneficial role of safer peers, rather than a detrimental influence of risky peers, in guiding adolescents’ choices and substance use. The extent to which adolescents value peers’ safe choices predicted substance-naïveté even after controlling for other factors associated with substance use, while valuation of peers’ risky choices was unrelated to substance use. Whereas previous studies have largely examined associations between negative peers and increased health-risk behaviors, our data support a significant role of positive social peers for favorably influencing health-risk behaviors. Social influences on decision-making are particularly pronounced during adolescence and have both protective and detrimental effects. To evaluate how responsiveness to social signals may be linked to substance use in adolescents, we used functional neuroimaging and a gambling task in which adolescents who have and have not used substances (substance-exposed and substance-naïve, respectively) made choices alone and after observing peers’ decisions. Using quantitative model-based analyses, we identify behavioral and neural evidence that observing others’ safe choices increases the subjective value and selection of safe options for substance-naïve relative to substance-exposed adolescents. Moreover, the effects of observing others’ risky choices do not vary by substance exposure. These results provide neurobehavioral evidence for a role of positive peers (here, those who make safer choices) in guiding adolescent real-world risky decision-making.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Galvan A
通讯作者：
Galvan A
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Braams, Barbara R.;Davidow, Juliet Y.;Somerville, Leah H.
通讯作者：
Somerville, Leah H.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Gardner, M;Steinberg, L
通讯作者：
Steinberg, L
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chein J;Albert D;O'Brien L;Uckert K;Steinberg L
通讯作者：
Steinberg L
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Christopoulos GI;King-Casas B
通讯作者：
King-Casas B