Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis.
Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis.
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炭疽芽孢杆菌的全球遗传种群结构。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0000461
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发表时间：
2007-05-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Keim, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van Ert, Matthew N.;Easterday, W. Ryan;Huynh, Lynn Y.;Okinaka, Richard T.;Hugh-Jones, Martin E.;Ravel, Jacques;Zanecki, Shaylan R.;Pearson, Talima;Simonson, Tatum S.;U'Ren, Jana M.;Kachur, Sergey M.;Leadem-Dougherty, Rebecca R.;Rhoton, Shane D.;Zinser, Guenevier;Farlow, Jason;Coker, Pamala R.;Smith, Kimothy L.;Wang, Bingxiang;Kenefic, Leo J.;Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.;Wagner, David M.;Keim, Paul
炭疽病是由炭疽杆菌引起的，是一种在历史和当前都具有重要意义的疾病，在世界各地都有发现。其历史传播的基础是轶事，其真实的全球人口结构在很大程度上仍然是神秘的。对七种不同的炭疽芽孢杆菌菌株进行了全基因组测序，以鉴定罕见的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，然后将这些性状的系统发育重建到进化模型上。该分析确定了定义物种内主要克隆谱系的 SNP。这些 SNP 与 15 个可变数量串联重复 (VNTR) 标记相结合，用于对来自 42 个国家的 1,033 个炭疽芽孢杆菌分离株进行亚型分类，以创建广泛的基因型数据集。这些分析将分离株细分为三个先前公认的主要谱系（A、B 和 C），并进一步细分为 12 个克隆亚谱系或亚组，最后细分为 221 个独特的 MLVA15 基因型。这种罕见的基因组变异被用来记录炭疽杆菌的进化进程并建立全球多样性模式。 A 谱系中的分离株在全球范围内广泛分布，而 B 和 C 谱系中的分离株则出现在更有限的空间尺度上。基于全基因组同义替换的分子钟模型表明，A 谱系在全新世中期（3,064-6,127 ybp）发生了大规模辐射。在最近的时间尺度上，炭疽芽孢杆菌的全球种群结构反映了殖民时代特定基因型从旧世界输入到新世界的情况，以及通过受孢子污染的动物产品向发达国家重复工业输入不同基因型的情况。这些发现表明，人类通过增加炭疽病的扩散和传播，在炭疽病的进化中发挥了重要作用。最后，证明了全球基因型分析对于调查生物恐怖分子介导的炭疽暴发的价值。
Anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a disease of historical and current importance that is found throughout the world. The basis of its historical transmission is anecdotal and its true global population structure has remained largely cryptic. Seven diverse B. anthracis strains were whole-genome sequenced to identify rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), followed by phylogenetic reconstruction of these characters onto an evolutionary model. This analysis identified SNPs that define the major clonal lineages within the species. These SNPs, in concert with 15 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) markers, were used to subtype a collection of 1,033 B. anthracis isolates from 42 countries to create an extensive genotype data set. These analyses subdivided the isolates into three previously recognized major lineages (A, B, and C), with further subdivision into 12 clonal sub-lineages or sub-groups and, finally, 221 unique MLVA15 genotypes. This rare genomic variation was used to document the evolutionary progression of B. anthracis and to establish global patterns of diversity. Isolates in the A lineage are widely dispersed globally, whereas the B and C lineages occur on more restricted spatial scales. Molecular clock models based upon genome-wide synonymous substitutions indicate there was a massive radiation of the A lineage that occurred in the mid-Holocene (3,064–6,127 ybp). On more recent temporal scales, the global population structure of B. anthracis reflects colonial-era importation of specific genotypes from the Old World into the New World, as well as the repeated industrial importation of diverse genotypes into developed countries via spore-contaminated animal products. These findings indicate humans have played an important role in the evolution of anthrax by increasing the proliferation and dispersal of this now global disease. Finally, the value of global genotypic analysis for investigating bioterrorist-mediated outbreaks of anthrax is demonstrated.
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影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Easterday, WR;Van Ert, MN;Keim, P
通讯作者：
Keim, P
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Cheung, DTL;Kam, KM;Hoffmaster, AR
通讯作者：
Hoffmaster, AR
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Fouet, AS;Smith, KL;Keim, P
通讯作者：
Keim, P
影响因子：
9.5
作者：
Kumar, S;Tamura, K;Nei, M
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Nei, M
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Gierczynski, R;Kaluzewski, S;Rastawicki, W
通讯作者：
Rastawicki, W