An Assessment of Current and Past Concentrations of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water throughout France.
An Assessment of Current and Past Concentrations of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water throughout France.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph15081669
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发表时间：
2018-08-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beaudeau P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corso M;Galey C;Seux R;Beaudeau P
在法国，95%的人使用氯化自来水。由于存在与氯反应的天然有机物，从地表水生产的氯化水中的氯化副产物（CBP）浓度远高于地下水。地表水供应法国人口的33%。直到20世纪80年代，几乎所有的地表水公用事业在取水口预氯化水。从1980年到2000年，预氯化逐渐被禁止。三卤甲烷（THMs）是法国唯一受管制的CBP。自2003年以来，在所有公用事业的出口监测三卤甲烷。这项研究评估了法国人口当前（2005-2011年）和过去（1960-2000年）对三卤甲烷的暴露情况。我们开发了一种原始的方法来模拟1960年至2000年之间的THM浓度，根据目前的THMs浓度，原水和成品水中总有机碳的浓度，以及从1960年起水处理的演变。法国人口目前和过去对THMs的平均暴露量估计分别为11.7 µg·L−1和17.3 µg·L−1。过去，约10%的法国人口接触浓度>50 µg·L−1，而目前为1%。在法国的100个行政区中观察到了很大的暴露差异，主要取决于水源（即，表面与地面），介于0.2和122.1 µg·L−1之间，而目前介于1.8和38.6 µg·L−1之间。
In France, 95% of people are supplied with chlorinated tap water. Due to the presence of natural organic matter that reacts with chlorine, the concentrations of chlorination by-products (CBPs) are much higher in chlorinated water produced from surface water than from groundwater. Surface water supplies 33% of the French population. Until the 1980s, almost all surface water utilities pre-chlorinated water at the intake. Pre-chlorination was then gradually banned from 1980 to 2000. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the only regulated CBP in France. Since 2003, THMs have been monitored at the outlet of all utilities. This study assessed current (2005–2011) and past (1960–2000) exposure of the French population to THMs. We developed an original method to model THM concentrations between 1960 and 2000 according to current concentrations of THMs, concentration of total organic carbon in raw and finished water, and the evolution of water treatments from 1960 onward. Current and past mean exposure of the French population to THMs was estimated at 11.7 µg·L−1 and 17.3 µg·L−1, respectively. In the past, approximately 10% of the French population was exposed to concentrations >50 µg·L−1 vs. 1% currently. Large variations in exposure were observed among France’s 100 administrative districts, mainly depending on the water origin (i.e., surface vs. ground), ranging between 0.2 and 122.1 µg·L−1 versus between 1.8 and 38.6 µg·L−1 currently.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Villanueva, CM;Cantor, KP;Kogevinas, M
通讯作者：
Kogevinas, M
影响因子：
5
作者：
Salas, Lucas A.;Cantor, Kenneth P.;Villanueva, Cristina M.
通讯作者：
Villanueva, Cristina M.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Krasner, Stuart W.;Cantor, Kenneth P.;Amy, Gary
通讯作者：
Amy, Gary
影响因子：
5
作者：
Villanueva, Cristina M.;Cantor, Kenneth P.;Kogevinas, Manolis
通讯作者：
Kogevinas, Manolis
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Cantor, KP;Lynch, CF;Craun, G
通讯作者：
Craun, G