Urban Household Water Insecurity from the Margins: Perspectives from Northeast Brazil

Urban Household Water Insecurity from the Margins: Perspectives from Northeast Brazil
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边缘城市家庭用水不安全:巴西东北部的视角

DOI:
10.1080/00330124.2020.1750439
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
The Professional Geographer
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Santos, Jader de
Santos, Jader de
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tomaz, Paula;Jepson, Wendy;Santos, Jader de

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城市水安全战略通常围绕供应方面的举措,以缓解短缺、预测人口增长或预测气候变化;然而,学者们已经开始通过将公平性纳入分析的替代框架来扩展城市水安全研究。我们的研究试图通过在几个方面打开城市水安全研究的调查孔径来促进这一公平转变。我们要解决谁的水安全问题,把我们的注意力转向城市居民和家庭。我们将经验重点转移到全球南方较小的城市中心,并开发了一种新的水不安全评估工具——家庭水不安全指数(HWISI),以评估城市水景的差异。我们在Forquilha(巴西塞埃尔<e:1>)进行了这项研究,它代表了巴西半干旱地区常见的一类被忽视的小城市中心。我们利用HWISI的定性和定量数据来描述家庭用水不安全状况。家庭用水不安全的普遍程度各不相同,四分之一的人口经历中度至严重的家庭用水不安全。此外,对HWISI内部因素的分析表明,特定的水不安全领域如何推动家庭跨越水不安全阈值。
Urban water security strategies commonly pivot around supply-side initiatives to mitigate scarcity, forecasted population growth, or anticipated climate change; yet, scholars have begun to expand urban water security scholarship by including alternative frameworks that incorporate equity into the analysis. Our study seeks to contribute to this equity turn by opening the investigative aperture on urban water security research in several aspects. We address the question of water security for whom, and turn our attention to the urban resident and household. We shift empirical focus to smaller urban centers in the Global South, and we develop a new assessment tool for water insecurity, the Household Water Insecurity Index (HWISI), to assess differences across the urban waterscape. We conducted this research in Forquilha (Ceará, Brazil), which represents an overlooked class of small urban centers common across Brazil’s semiarid region. We draw on qualitative and quantitative data to describe household water insecurity using the HWISI. The prevalence of household water insecurity is variable, with a quarter of the population experiencing moderate to severe household water insecurity. In addition, analysis of the factors within the HWISI demonstrated how specific water insecurity domains push households across water insecurity thresholds.
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