Potential uses of auditory nerve stimulation to modulate immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem.
Potential uses of auditory nerve stimulation to modulate immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnint.2023.1294525
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Xie, Ruili
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seicol, Benjamin;Guo, Zixu;Garrity, Katy;Xie, Ruili
关键词：
生物电子医学使用神经系统的电刺激，主要通过调节免疫反应来改善整个身体的健康状况。然而，这个概念还没有系统地应用于听觉系统。人们越来越关注耳蜗损伤和相关的神经炎症如何导致听力损失。结合最近的发现，我们在这里提出了一个新的观点，可以与先进的技术一起应用，使用听觉神经（AN）刺激来调节听力健康障碍和听觉植入手术后的免疫反应。在本文中，我们将：（1）回顾与各种形式的听力损失相关的听觉系统炎症机制，（2）探索神经刺激以减少全身炎症以及听觉系统中可能存在的类似神经免疫回路（3）总结当前刺激听觉系统的方法，特别是AN，以及（4）提出未来的方向，使用生物电子医学来改善内耳和听性脑干中的有害免疫反应，以治疗难治性病症。我们将说明如何将生物电子医学的现有知识应用于AN刺激，以解决与植入和疾病相关的炎症。此外，我们提出了必要的步骤，以获得发现在这个新兴领域从板凳到床边。我们的愿景是AN刺激的未来，包括额外的协议以及设备的进步，以靶向和参与神经免疫回路，以获得治疗益处。
Bioelectronic medicine uses electrical stimulation of the nervous system to improve health outcomes throughout the body primarily by regulating immune responses. This concept, however, has yet to be applied systematically to the auditory system. There is growing interest in how cochlear damage and associated neuroinflammation may contribute to hearing loss. In conjunction with recent findings, we propose here a new perspective, which could be applied alongside advancing technologies, to use auditory nerve (AN) stimulation to modulate immune responses in hearing health disorders and following surgeries for auditory implants. In this article we will: (1) review the mechanisms of inflammation in the auditory system in relation to various forms of hearing loss, (2) explore nerve stimulation to reduce inflammation throughout the body and how similar neural-immune circuits likely exist in the auditory system (3) summarize current methods for stimulating the auditory system, particularly the AN, and (4) propose future directions to use bioelectronic medicine to ameliorate harmful immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem to treat refractory conditions. We will illustrate how current knowledge from bioelectronic medicine can be applied to AN stimulation to resolve inflammation associated with implantation and disease. Further, we suggest the necessary steps to get discoveries in this emerging field from bench to bedside. Our vision is a future for AN stimulation that includes additional protocols as well as advances in devices to target and engage neural-immune circuitry for therapeutic benefits.
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