Beyond THC: The New Generation of Cannabinoid Designer Drugs.
Beyond THC: The New Generation of Cannabinoid Designer Drugs.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00060
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Fratta W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fattore L;Fratta W
合成大麻素在功能上类似于δ 9-四氢大麻酚（THC），大麻的精神活性成分，并与大脑和外周器官中相同的大麻素受体结合。从2008年起，在网站和“总店”销售的草药吸烟混合物中检测到合成大麻素，品牌名称为Spice Gold，Yucatan Fire，Aroma等。虽然这些产品（也被称为“香料药物”或“法律的高点”）不含烟草或大麻，但当吸烟时，它们会产生类似于THC的效果。最近有报告称，消费后出现中毒，戒断，精神病和死亡，构成了困难的社会，政治和健康挑战。到目前为止，已经确定了140多种不同的香料产品。这些药物能够产生强烈的大麻样精神活性作用，沿着的事实是，它们在互联网上很容易获得，在许多国家仍然是法律的，作为天然安全物质销售，并且无法通过常规药物筛选测试检测出来，因此这些药物非常受欢迎，特别吸引寻求新体验的年轻人和未接触过药物的人。目前，越来越多的具有大麻素受体活性的化合物被发现是Spice的成分，其中几乎没有药理学，毒理学和安全性方面的知识。自从立法开始控制这些草药混合物中的合成大麻素以来，市场上出现了许多新的类似物。在不久的将来，很可能会合成新的拟大麻化合物，以取代被禁止的合成大麻素，从而导致“狗追尾巴”的局面。香料吸烟者接触的药物在成分和效力上变化极大，并且有严重的风险，如果不是致命的话，结果。社会和卫生专业人员应保持高度警觉，对香料的使用及其可能对弱势群体的精神影响保持高度警惕。
Synthetic cannabinoids are functionally similar to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive principle of cannabis, and bind to the same cannabinoid receptors in the brain and peripheral organs. From 2008, synthetic cannabinoids were detected in herbal smoking mixtures sold on websites and in “head shops” under the brand name of Spice Gold, Yucatan Fire, Aroma, and others. Although these products (also known as “Spice drugs” or “legal highs”) do not contain tobacco or cannabis, when smoked they produce effects similar to THC. Intoxication, withdrawal, psychosis, and death have been recently reported after consumption, posing difficult social, political, and health challenges. More than 140 different Spice products have been identified to date. The ability to induce strong cannabis-like psychoactive effects, along with the fact that they are readily available on the Internet, still legal in many countries, marketed as natural safe substances, and undetectable by conventional drug screening tests, has rendered these drugs very popular and particularly appealing to young and drug-naïve individuals seeking new experiences. An escalating number of compounds with cannabinoid receptor activity are currently being found as ingredients of Spice, of which almost nothing is known in terms of pharmacology, toxicology, and safety. Since legislation started to control the synthetic cannabinoids identified in these herbal mixtures, many new analogs have appeared on the market. New cannabimimetic compounds are likely to be synthesized in the near future to replace banned synthetic cannabinoids, leading to a “dog chasing its tail” situation. Spice smokers are exposed to drugs that are extremely variable in composition and potency, and are at risk of serious, if not lethal, outcomes. Social and health professionals should maintain a high degree of alertness for Spice use and its possible psychiatric effects in vulnerable people.
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