Frequency of Sweet and Salty Snack Food Consumption Is Associated with Higher Intakes of Overconsumed Nutrients and Weight-For-Length z Scores During Infancy and Toddlerhood.
Frequency of Sweet and Salty Snack Food Consumption Is Associated with Higher Intakes of Overconsumed Nutrients and Weight-For-Length z Scores During Infancy and Toddlerhood.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.013
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Kong, Kai Ling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moore, Amy M.;Fisher, Jennifer Orlet;Morris, Katherine S.;Croce, Christina M.;Paluch, Rocco A.;Kong, Kai Ling
目前的饮食指南建议在2岁之前避免添加糖和高钠的食物和饮料。其目的是描述每日零食摄入量（频率和总能量）以及与过度摄入营养素（添加糖，钠，饱和脂肪）和儿童身高体重（WFL）z分数的关联。对正在进行的纵向干预的基线数据进行了横断面二次分析。2017年至2019年期间，在纽约州布法罗招募了141名婴儿（9至11个月）和幼儿（12至15个月）的照顾者样本。三次24小时的饮食召回被用来根据美国农业部的“我们在美国吃什么”食品组分类对“甜和咸的零食”或“商业婴儿零食”进行分类，并估计营养摄入量。儿童卧位长度和体重由训练有素的研究人员测量。计算每日频率（次/天），能量（千卡/天），和从零食摄入过量的营养素。多变量回归模型研究了零食摄入频率和能量与过度摄入营养素和儿童WFL z分数之间的关系。婴儿平均每天食用零食1.2次，占每日总能量的5.6%（千卡/天），19.6%的添加糖（克/天）和6.8%的钠（毫克/天）。幼儿平均每天食用零食1.4次，占每日总能量的8.9%（千卡/天），40.0%的添加糖（克/天）和7.2%的钠（毫克/天）。在包括所有儿童的调整模型中，更高频率的甜和咸零食摄入，而不是商业婴儿零食，与更高的WFL z评分相关。婴儿和幼儿经常食用零食，并导致摄入过量的营养素，如添加糖和钠。鉴于目前的指导方针是在2岁之前避免添加糖和高钠，与营养丰富的零食摄入有关的其他建议可能是有益的。
Current dietary guidelines recommend avoiding foods and beverages with added sugars and higher sodium before 2 years of age. The aim was to describe daily snack food intake (frequency and total energy) and the associations with overconsumed nutrients (added sugars, sodium, saturated fats) and child weight-for-length (WFL) z-scores. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal intervention was conducted. A sample of 141 caregivers with infants (9 to 11 months) and toddlers (12 to 15 months) was recruited in Buffalo, NY between 2017 and 2019. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were used to categorize ‘sweet and salty snack foods’ or ‘commercial baby snack foods’ based on the USDA’s What We Eat in America food group classifications and estimate nutrient intakes. Child recumbent length and weight were measured by trained researchers. Daily frequency (times/d), energy (kcal/d), and overconsumed nutrients from snack food intake were calculated. Multivariable regression models examined associations between the frequency of and energy from snack food intake with overconsumed nutrients and child WFL z-scores. Infants consumed snack foods on average 1.2 times/d contributing 5.6% of total daily energy (kcal/d), 19.6% of added sugars (g/d), and 6.8% of sodium (mg/d). Toddlers consumed snack foods on average 1.4 times/d contributing 8.9% of total daily energy (kcal/d), 40.0% of added sugars (g/d), and 7.2% of sodium (mg/d). In adjusted models including all children, greater frequency of sweet and salty snack food intake, but not commercial baby snack foods, was associated with higher WFL z-scores. Snack foods are frequently consumed by infants and toddlers and contribute to the intake of overconsumed nutrients such as added sugars and sodium. Given the current guidelines to avoid added sugars and higher sodium before 2 years of age, additional recommendations related to nutrient-dense snack intake may be beneficial.
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