Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya.
Occupational exposure to roadway emissions and inside informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: A pilot study in Nairobi, Kenya.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.008
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kinney, Patrick L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ngo, Nicole S.;Gatari, Michael;Yan, Beizhan;Chillrud, Steven N.;Bouhamam, Kheira;Kinney, Patrick L.
很少有研究调查撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）的城市空气污染，但那里的城市化率是世界上最高的。在这项研究中，我们测量了内罗毕道路沿线工作人员8小时的平均职业暴露水平，包括细颗粒物（PM2.5）、黑碳（BC）、紫外线活性颗粒物（UV-PM）和微量元素，特别是公交车司机、车库工人、街头小贩和在非正式定居点工作的妇女。我们发现，BC和再悬浮粉尘是所有研究人群PM2.5水平的重要贡献者，尤其是公交车司机，而车库工人、街头小贩和非正式定居点居民的PM2.5暴露水平在统计上没有差异。我们还发现了生物质排放和垃圾燃烧的强烈信号，这在内罗毕的低收入地区和露天车库很常见。这些结果表明，SSA大部分沿着道路行走的城市居民将受益于针对柴油车、灰尘和垃圾燃烧的道路排放的空气质量法规。这是第一个测量SSA职业暴露于城市空气污染的研究，结果表明道路排放是一个严重的公共卫生问题。
Few studies examine urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet urbanization rates there are among the highest in the world. In this study, we measured 8-hr average occupational exposure levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ultra violet active-particulate matter (UV-PM), and trace elements for individuals who worked along roadways in Nairobi, specifically bus drivers, garage workers, street vendors, and women who worked inside informal settlements. We found BC and re-suspended dust were important contributors to PM2.5 levels for all study populations, particularly among bus drivers, while PM2.5 exposure levels for garage workers, street vendors, and informal settlement residents were not statistically different from each other. We also found a strong signal for biomass emissions and trash burning, which is common in Nairobi’s low-income areas and open-air garages. These results suggest that the large portion of urban residents in SSA who walk along roadways would benefit from air quality regulations targeting roadway emissions from diesel vehicles, dust, and trash burning. This is the first study to measure occupational exposure to urban air pollution in SSA and results imply that roadway emissions are a serious public health concern.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Jonsson, P;Bennet, C;Lindgren, ES
通讯作者：
Lindgren, ES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lewne, Marie;Plato, Nils;Gustavsson, Per
通讯作者：
Gustavsson, Per
DOI：
10.2471/blt.07.044529
发表时间：
2008-05-01
期刊：
Bulletin of the World Health Organization: International Journal of Public Health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dherani, Mukesh;Pope, Daniel;Bruce, Nigel
通讯作者：
Bruce, Nigel
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Chillrud, SN;Bopp, RF;Yarme, A
通讯作者：
Yarme, A
影响因子：
3
作者：
Eliasson, I.;Jonsson, P.;Holmer, B.
通讯作者：
Holmer, B.