Production and organization of neocortical interneurons.

Production and organization of neocortical interneurons.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2013.00221
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发表时间:
2013-11-21
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Shi SH
Shi SH
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sultan KT;Brown KN;Shi SH

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抑制性GABA(γ-氨基二酸) - 效率的神经元是负责通过多种抑制作用来塑造其输出的新皮层的重要组成部分,主要由它们的形态,物理,神经化学性质定义为了在开发过程中确定它们在新皮层中的作用。距离距离距离在皮质层层中的最终位置随着发育的发展,这些细胞会成熟,并形成化学和电气连接,并与谷氨酸能兴奋的神经元和其他中间神经元最终确定了皮层网络。这些细胞中有多种外在和内在因素确定的,这些因素共同起作用,以组装适当的皮质抑制作用这些细胞的失败会导致人类的异常定位和皮质功能。揭示了中间神经发生和迁移行为的框架,以及旨在阐明中间神经元的空间和功能组织的最新发现在新皮层内。
Inhibitory GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons are a vital component of the neocortex responsible for shaping its output through a variety of inhibitions. Consisting of many flavors, interneuron subtypes are predominantly defined by their morphological, physiological, and neurochemical properties that help to determine their functional role within the neocortex. During development, these cells are born in the subpallium where they then tangentially migrate over long distances before being radially positioned to their final location in the cortical laminae. As development progresses into adolescence, these cells mature and form chemical and electrical connections with both glutamatergic excitatory neurons and other interneurons ultimately establishing the cortical network. The production, migration, and organization of these cells are determined by vast array of extrinsic and intrinsic factors that work in concert in order to assemble a proper functioning cortical inhibitory network. Failure of these cells to undergo these processes results in abnormal positioning and cortical function. In humans, this can bring about several neurological disorders including schizophrenia, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders. In this article, we will review previous literature that has revealed the framework for interneuron neurogenesis and migratory behavior as well as discuss recent findings that aim to elucidate the spatial and functional organization of interneurons within the neocortex.
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