Training versus engagement as paths to cognitive enrichment with aging.
Training versus engagement as paths to cognitive enrichment with aging.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0038244
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Parisi, Jeanine M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A. L.;Payne, Brennan R.;Roberts, Brent W.;Kramer, Arthur F.;Morrow, Daniel G.;Payne, Laura;Hill, Patrick L.;Jackson, Joshua J.;Gao, Xuefei;Noh, Soo Rim;Janke, Megan C.;Parisi, Jeanine M.
虽然认知干预的培训模式旨在通过指导和实践来提高特定技能，但参与模式基于这样一种想法，即嵌入在智力和社会复杂的环境中可以影响认知，甚至可以广泛地影响认知，而无需明确的指导。我们通过随机分配健康的老年人到一个家庭为基础的归纳推理训练计划，一个团队为基础的创造性解决问题的竞争计划，或一个等待列表控制这两个模型的认知丰富的对比。正如预测的那样，那些在训练条件下表现出选择性的改善归纳推理。另一方面，那些在参与条件下的人在发散思维方面表现出选择性的提高，这是创造性解决问题的关键能力。平均而言，两组人似乎都表现出了能力特异性效应。然而，在参与和培训干预中，变化的调节者有所不同。一般来说，那些以更积极的认知状况开始干预的人表现出更多的认知增长，这表明认知资源使个人能够利用环境丰富。只有在参与条件下，初始水平的开放性和社会网络规模适度干预对认知的影响，这表明，舒适的新奇性和管理社会资源的能力可能是额外的因素，有助于利用与参与相关的环境复杂性的能力。总的来说，这些发现表明，培训和参与模式可能为晚年的认知弹性提供替代途径。
While a training model of cognitive intervention targets the improvement of particular skills through instruction and practice, an engagement model is based on the idea that being embedded in an intellectually and socially complex environment can impact cognition, perhaps even broadly, without explicit instruction. We contrasted these two models of cognitive enrichment by randomly assigning healthy older adults to a home-based inductive reasoning training program, a team-based competitive program in creative problem solving, or to a wait-list control. As predicted, those in the training condition showed selective improvement in inductive reasoning. Those in the engagement condition, on the other hand, showed selective improvement in divergent thinking, a key ability exercised in creative problem solving. On average, then, both groups appeared to show ability-specific effects. However, moderators of change differed somewhat for those in the engagement and training interventions. Generally, those who started either intervention with a more positive cognitive profile showed more cognitive growth, suggesting that cognitive resources enabled individuals to take advantage of environmental enrichment. Only in the engagement condition did initial levels of openness and social network size moderate intervention effects on cognition, suggesting that comfort with novelty and an ability to manage social resources may be additional factors contributing to the capacity to take advantage of the environmental complexity associated with engagement. Collectively, these findings suggest that training and engagement models may offer alternative routes to cognitive resilience in late life.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Basak, Chandramallika;Boot, Walter R.;Voss, Michelle W.;Kramer, Arthur F.
通讯作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
BALTES, PB