Multiple Approaches Detect the Presence of Fungi in Human Breastmilk Samples from Healthy Mothers.
Multiple Approaches Detect the Presence of Fungi in Human Breastmilk Samples from Healthy Mothers.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-13270-x
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发表时间：
2017-10-12
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Mira A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boix-Amorós A;Martinez-Costa C;Querol A;Collado MC;Mira A
母乳中含有多种细菌，这些细菌会传播给婴儿，并被认为有助于肠道微生物群发育和免疫成熟。然而，目前尚不清楚健康母亲乳汁中真菌生物的特征，尽管已报告其存在于婴儿肠道和其他哺乳动物乳汁中。分析了出生后1个月内健康哺乳期母亲（n = 65）的母乳样本。通过不同的技术评估真菌存在，包括显微镜检查、培养分离株的生长和鉴定、通过qPCR进行的真菌负荷估计以及使用28 S rRNA基因高通量测序的真菌组成。此外，通过分光光度法和细胞仪对牛奶常量营养素和人体细胞进行定量。qPCR数据显示，89%的样本具有可检测水平的真菌DNA，估计中位载量为3.5 × 105个细胞/ml，可能包括活真菌和非活真菌。使用不同的培养基，分离和鉴定了33种菌株，证实了存在活的真菌物种。焦磷酸测序结果显示，最常见的属是马拉色菌属（44%），其次是念珠菌属（19%）和酵母属（12%）。荧光显微镜观察酵母细胞。未来的工作应该研究这些真菌的起源及其对婴儿健康的潜在贡献。
Human breastmilk contains a variety of bacteria that are transmitted to the infant and have been suggested to contribute to gut microbiota development and immune maturation. However, the characterization of fungal organisms in milk from healthy mothers is currently unknown although their presence has been reported in the infant gut and also in milk from other mammals. Breastmilk samples from healthy lactating mothers (n = 65) within 1 month after birth were analyzed. Fungal presence was assessed by different techniques, including microscopy, growth and identification of cultured isolates, fungal load estimation by qPCR, and fungal composition using 28S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. In addition, milk macronutrients and human somatic cells were quantified by spectrophotometry and cytometry. qPCR data showed that 89% of samples had detectable levels of fungal DNA, at an estimated median load of 3,5 × 105 cells/ml, potentially including both viable and non-viable fungi. Using different culture media, 33 strains were isolated and identified, confirming the presence of viable fungal species. Pyrosequencing results showed that the most common genera were Malassezia (44%), followed by Candida (19%) and Saccharomyces (12%). Yeast cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Future work should study the origin of these fungi and their potential contribution to infant health.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Hatoum R;Labrie S;Fliss I
通讯作者：
Fliss I
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
de Llanos, R;Querol, A;Fernández-Espinar, MT
通讯作者：
Fernández-Espinar, MT
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Diezmann, Stephanie;Dietrich, Fred S.
通讯作者：
Dietrich, Fred S.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.;Mukherjee, Pranab K.
通讯作者：
Mukherjee, Pranab K.
DOI：
10.1007/bf00399623
发表时间：
1996-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Gueho, E;Midgley, G;Guillot, J
通讯作者：
Guillot, J