Ultra-diffuse hydrothermal venting supports Fe-oxidizing bacteria and massive umber deposition at 5000 m off Hawaii.

Ultra-diffuse hydrothermal venting supports Fe-oxidizing bacteria and massive umber deposition at 5000 m off Hawaii.
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DOI:
10.1038/ismej.2011.48
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发表时间:
2011-11
期刊:
The ISME journal
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其他
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在夏威夷洛伊希海山底部发现了一个新的热液区,其深度为5000 mbsl。地球化学分析表明,“FeMO Deep”虽然仅比环境海水温度高0.2 °C,但来自远距离的超扩散热液源。FeMO Deep表示为富含胶状铁和二氧化硅的沉积物的区域海底渗漏,在玄武岩枕之间和上方汇集,厚度超过一米。该系统被毫米至厘米厚的热液衍生的铁-羟基氧化物-和锰-氧化物-层状结壳覆盖。我们使用分子分析(16 S rDNA为基础)的现存社区结合荧光原位杂交,以证明FeMO深存款含有活的铁氧化Zetaproteobacteria有关最近分离的菌株Mariprofundus ferroxydans。生物能量计算,基于原位电化学测量和细胞计数,表明铁和氧之间的反应是重要的,在支持化学合成的垫,我们推断形成了垫生态系统的营养基础。我们认为,生物成因FeMO深热液存款代表一个现代的类似物的一类地质铁矿床被称为“数字”(例如,Troodos ophilia,塞浦路斯),因为惊人的相似之处的大小,设置和内部结构。
A novel hydrothermal field has been discovered at the base of Lōihi Seamount, Hawaii, at 5000 mbsl. Geochemical analyses demonstrate that ‘FeMO Deep', while only 0.2 °C above ambient seawater temperature, derives from a distal, ultra-diffuse hydrothermal source. FeMO Deep is expressed as regional seafloor seepage of gelatinous iron- and silica-rich deposits, pooling between and over basalt pillows, in places over a meter thick. The system is capped by mm to cm thick hydrothermally derived iron-oxyhydroxide- and manganese-oxide-layered crusts. We use molecular analyses (16S rDNA-based) of extant communities combined with fluorescent in situ hybridizations to demonstrate that FeMO Deep deposits contain living iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria related to the recently isolated strain Mariprofundus ferroxydans. Bioenergetic calculations, based on in-situ electrochemical measurements and cell counts, indicate that reactions between iron and oxygen are important in supporting chemosynthesis in the mats, which we infer forms a trophic base of the mat ecosystem. We suggest that the biogenic FeMO Deep hydrothermal deposit represents a modern analog for one class of geological iron deposits known as ‘umbers' (for example, Troodos ophilolites, Cyprus) because of striking similarities in size, setting and internal structures.
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