Micro-CT visualization of a promastigote secretory gel (PSG) and parasite plug in the digestive tract of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis infected with Leishmania mexicana.
Micro-CT visualization of a promastigote secretory gel (PSG) and parasite plug in the digestive tract of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis infected with Leishmania mexicana.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0009682
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rogers ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall MJR;Ghosh D;Martín-Vega D;Clark B;Clatworthy I;Cheke RA;Rogers ME
利什曼病是一种热带、亚热带和南欧地区的一种衰弱疾病，由利什曼原虫引起，这些寄生虫通过静脉吸血沙蝇(双翅目：精神病科)在血液中传播。使用非侵入性微型计算机断层扫描，我们能够直观地看到实验室模型的长瓣丝虫感染墨西哥利什曼原虫的影响以及它对第二次血餐的反应。我们首次能够在3D中显示整个感染沙蝇膨胀的中肠内的前鞭毛体分泌凝胶(PSG)和寄生虫的堵塞，并测量其与中肠体积的关系。我们还能够测量吻合口瓣膜的打开程度，并显示PSG和寄生虫延伸到咽部。尽管我们的初步研究只能检查几只苍蝇，但它支持了这样的假设，即第二次未感染的血餐增强了寄生虫的传播，因为我们表明，在第二次血餐后，感染果蝇体内的胸腔PSG寄生虫塞子的体积平均是没有第二次血餐的感染果蝇的两倍以上。利什曼病是热带、亚热带和南欧地区的一种令人衰弱的疾病，由利什曼原虫属原虫引起，这些原虫通过喂食沙蝇的血液传播。寄生虫在果蝇体内繁殖并经历形态变化，并对果蝇产生影响，从而增加了它们传播的机会。其中一个影响是产生了一种富含糖蛋白的凝胶，它与寄生虫一起形成了一个堵塞沙蝇肠道的堵塞，并导致喂养问题，使更多的寄生虫在叮咬过程中转移。使用微型计算机断层扫描，我们第一次能够在3D中非侵入性地可视化插头，以及它扩张中肠和打开造口瓣膜的方式，通过肠道内容物的反流促进传输。我们还展示了第二餐未感染的血液如何导致中肠的进一步伸展，特别是塞子，支持了这样的第二餐可以促进寄生虫传播的假设。
Leishmaniasis is a debilitating disease of the tropics, subtropics and southern Europe caused by Leishmania parasites that are transmitted during blood feeding by phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Using non-invasive micro-computed tomography, we were able to visualize the impact of the laboratory model infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis with Leishmania mexicana and its response to a second blood meal. For the first time we were able to show in 3D the plug of promastigote secretory gel (PSG) and parasites in the distended midgut of whole infected sand flies and measure its volume in relation to that of the midgut. We were also able to measure the degree of opening of the stomodeal valve and demonstrate the extension of the PSG and parasites into the pharynx. Although our pilot study could only examine a few flies, it supports the hypothesis that a second, non-infected, blood meal enhances parasite transmission as we showed that the thoracic PSG-parasite plug in infected flies after a second blood meal was, on average, more than twice the volume of the plug in infected flies that did not have a second blood meal. Leishmaniasis is a debilitating disease of the tropics, subtropics and southern Europe caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, that are transmitted by blood feeding sand flies. The parasites multiply and undergo morphological changes within the fly and have an effect on the fly that enhances their chances of transmission. One of these effects is the production of a glycoprotein-rich gel which, together with the parasites, forms a plug that blocks the sand fly gut and causes problems with feeding that enable more parasites to be transferred during biting. Using micro-computed tomography, for the first time we have been able to non-invasively visualize the plug in the fly in 3D and the way it distends the midgut and opens the stomodeal valve, facilitating transmission by regurgitation of the gut contents. We also show how a second, uninfected blood meal causes further extension of the midgut and, especially, the plug, supporting the hypothesis that such second meals can facilitate parasite transmission.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Martin-Vega, D.;Clark, B.;Hall, M. J. R.
通讯作者：
Hall, M. J. R.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Moreau, Jean-David;Cloetens, Peter;Tafforeau, Paul
通讯作者：
Tafforeau, Paul
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Sadlova, Jovana;Yeo, Matthew;Miles, Michael A.
通讯作者：
Miles, Michael A.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Rogers, ME;Ilg, T;Nikolaev, AV;Ferguson, MAJ;Bates, PA
通讯作者：
Bates, PA
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Hall MJR;Martín-Vega D;Clark B;Ghosh D;Rogers M;Pigoli D;Veriegh FBD;Tetteh-Kumah A;Osei-Atweneboana MY;Cheke RA
通讯作者：
Cheke RA