IRES-induced conformational changes in the ribosome and the mechanism of translation initiation by internal ribosomal entry.

IRES-induced conformational changes in the ribosome and the mechanism of translation initiation by internal ribosomal entry.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.06.001
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发表时间:
2009-09
期刊:
Biochimica et biophysica acta
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hellen CU
Hellen CU
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hellen CU

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几种正义 RNA 病毒的基因组翻译遵循病毒 mRNA 中内部核糖体进入位点 (IRES) 上的末端独立起始。有四个主要的 IRES 组,尽管它们使用的机制存在重大差异,但一个统一的特征是每种机制都涉及 IRES 与规范翻译装置组件的基本非规范相互作用。因此,约 200nt 长的 4 型 IRES(以蟋蟀麻痹病毒为代表)直接与核糖体 40S 亚基上的亚基间空间结合,然后通过独立于因子的机制与 60S 亚基连接形成活性核糖体。约 300nt 长的 3 型 IRES(以丙型肝炎病毒为代表)独立地与真核起始因子 (eIF) 3 以及 40S 亚基的溶剂可及表面和 E 位点结合:添加 eIF2-GTP/引发剂 tRNA 足以形成 48S 复合物,该复合物可以在 eIF5/eIF5B 介导的反应中加入 60S 亚基以形成活性核糖体。最近的冷冻电子显微镜和生化分析揭示了 3 型和 4 型 IRES 启动机制的第二个一般特征。两类 IRES 都会在核糖体中诱导类似的构象变化,从而影响核糖体解码通道中 mRNA 的进入、定位和固定。 HCV 样 IRES 还能稳定 40S 亚基肽基 (P) 位点中起始 tRNA 的结合,而 4 型 IRES 会诱导核糖体发生变化,这可能促进翻译过程中的后续步骤,包括亚基连接和延伸。
Translation of the genomes of several positive-sense RNA viruses follows end-independent initiation on an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) in the viral mRNA. There are four major IRES groups, and despite major differences in the mechanisms that they use, one unifying characteristic is that each mechanism involves essential non-canonical interactions of the IRES with components of the canonical translational apparatus. Thus the ~200nt.-long Type 4 IRESs (epitomized by Cricket paralysis virus) bind directly to the intersubunit space on the ribosomal 40S subunit, followed by joining to a 60S subunit to form active ribosomes by a factor-independent mechanism. The ~300nt.-long type 3 IRESs (epitomized by Hepatitis C virus) binds independently to eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 3, and to the solvent-accessible surface and E-site of the 40S subunit: addition of eIF2-GTP/initiator tRNA is sufficient to form a 48S complex that can join a 60S subunit in an eIF5/eIF5B-mediated reaction to form an active ribosome. Recent cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical analyses have revealed a second general characteristic of the mechanisms of initiation on Type 3 and Type 4 IRESs. Both classes of IRES induce similar conformational changes in the ribosome that influence entry, positioning and fixation of mRNA in the ribosomal decoding channel. HCV-like IRESs also stabilize binding of initiator tRNA in the peptidyl (P) site of the 40S subunit, whereas Type 4 IRESs induce changes in the ribosome that likely promote subsequent steps in the translation process, including subunit joining and elongation.
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