Rejuvenation of plasticity in the brain: opening the critical period.

Rejuvenation of plasticity in the brain: opening the critical period.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2018.09.003
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发表时间:
2019-03
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Zakharenko SS
Zakharenko SS
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Patton MH;Blundon JA;Zakharenko SS

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在被称为“关键期”的出生后发育的明确间隔期间,皮层回路对传入的感觉信息特别敏感。大脑皮层可塑性的关键期在成年人中结束,因此限制了大脑不加选择地储存新感觉信息的能力。例如,儿童通过接触的方式习得语言,而成年后学习语言则需要更多的努力和注意力。有人认为,将声音与涉及注意力的神经调节回路的激活配对,可以重新开启这一关键时期。在这里,我们回顾了两个与神经调节相关的关键时期假说:皮质去抑制和丘脑腺苷。我们假设这些机制共同调节听觉皮层可塑性的关键时期。我们还讨论了如何重新打开这一时期和恢复皮层可塑性在成人。
Cortical circuits are particularly sensitive to incoming sensory information during well-defined intervals of postnatal development called “critical periods.” The critical period for cortical plasticity closes in adults, thus restricting the brain’s ability to indiscriminately store new sensory information. For example, children acquire language in an exposure-based manner, whereas learning language in adulthood requires more effort and attention. It has been suggested that pairing sounds with the activation of neuromodulatory circuits involved in attention reopens this critical period. Here, we review two critical period hypotheses related to neuromodulation: cortical disinhibition and thalamic adenosine. We posit that these mechanisms co-regulate the critical period for auditory cortical plasticity. We also discuss ways to reopen this period and rejuvenate cortical plasticity in adults.
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